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akm

AKM (Asahi Kasei Microdevices) MPN encoding patterns, suffix decoding, and handler guidance. Use when working with AKM audio ICs, magnetic sensors, or electronic compasses.

personAuthor: jakexiaohubgithub
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AKM (Asahi Kasei Microdevices) Manufacturer Skill

Company Overview

AKM (Asahi Kasei Microdevices) is a Japanese semiconductor manufacturer specializing in:

  • Audio ICs: High-performance DACs and ADCs for professional and consumer audio
  • Magnetic Sensors: 3-axis magnetometers and electronic compasses
  • Hall Effect Sensors: Position and rotation sensing
  • IMUs: Combined 9-axis sensors with accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer

AKM is renowned for their premium audio converters used in high-end audio equipment and their compact magnetic sensors used in smartphones and wearables.

MPN Structure

AKM MPNs follow this general structure:

[PREFIX][SERIES][VARIANT][-][PACKAGE/OPTIONS]
   |       |       |           |
   |       |       |           +-- Package code or options
   |       |       +-- Variant/revision letter
   |       +-- Series number (4-5 digits)
   +-- Always "AK" prefix

Naming Convention by Product Family

Audio ICs:
AK4490 EQ    - Premium 32-bit DAC
AK4493 SEQ   - Upgraded premium DAC
AK5386 VT    - 24-bit ADC
AK4796 VQ    - Audio DAC

Magnetic Sensors:
AK8963 C     - 3-axis electronic compass
AK8975 A     - 3-axis compass
AK09918      - 3-axis compass, newer series

9-axis IMUs:
AK09911 C    - 9-axis sensor (accel+gyro+compass)
AK09912      - 9-axis with improved gyroscope
AK09913      - 9-axis combined sensor

Product Families

Audio DACs (AK47xx, AK44xx)

| Series | Description | Bits | Channels | Notes | |--------|-------------|------|----------|-------| | AK4490 | Premium DAC | 32-bit | 2 | Flagship, VELVET SOUND | | AK4493 | Premium DAC | 32-bit | 2 | Successor to AK4490 | | AK4495 | Premium DAC | 32-bit | 2 | Enhanced performance | | AK4497 | Reference DAC | 32-bit | 2 | Top of line | | AK4796 | General DAC | 24-bit | 2 | Cost-effective |

Audio ADCs (AK44xx, AK53xx)

| Series | Description | Bits | Channels | Notes | |--------|-------------|------|----------|-------| | AK4490 | High-perf ADC | 24-bit | 2 | Multi-bit delta-sigma | | AK5386 | Stereo ADC | 24-bit | 2 | Professional audio |

Magnetic Sensors / Electronic Compasses (AK89xx, AK099xx)

| Series | Description | Interface | Resolution | Notes | |--------|-------------|-----------|------------|-------| | AK8963 | 3-axis compass | I2C/SPI | 14/16-bit | Widely used, smartphones | | AK8975 | 3-axis compass | I2C | 13-bit | Older series | | AK09911 | 9-axis IMU | I2C | 16-bit | With accelerometer | | AK09912 | 9-axis IMU | I2C | 16-bit | With gyroscope | | AK09913 | 9-axis IMU | I2C | 16-bit | Combined sensor | | AK09918 | 3-axis compass | I2C | 16-bit | Newer, high precision | | AK09940 | 3-axis compass | I2C/SPI | 18-bit | High precision |

High Precision Magnetic Sensors (AK099xx)

| Series | Description | Notes | |--------|-------------|-------| | AK09970 | Linear position sensor | Hall effect | | AK09973 | Switch sensor | Omnipolar | | AK09911-AK09916 | Hall sensors | Various applications |

Package Codes

Package codes appear as suffixes, typically separated or as trailing letters:

| Code | Package | Size | Notes | |------|---------|------|-------| | TR | LGA | 1.6x1.6mm | Tape and reel, common for sensors | | CS | CSP | Small | Chip-scale package | | WL | WLCSP | Tiny | Wafer-level CSP | | TS | TSSOP | - | Thin shrink small outline | | QFN | QFN | Various | Quad flat no-lead | | BGA | BGA | Various | Ball grid array | | EQ | QFN | 5x5mm | Audio DAC package | | VT | TQFP | 7x7mm | Audio ADC package | | VQ | QFP | - | Standard quad flat | | SEQ | QFN | - | Enhanced QFN variant |

Package Extraction Logic

// From AKMHandler.extractPackageCode():
// Split on hyphen, take suffix from main part
String[] parts = mpn.split("-");
String mainPart = parts[0];
String suffix = mainPart.replaceAll("^[A-Z0-9]+", "");

// Map known suffixes
switch (suffix) {
    case "TR" -> "LGA";
    case "CS" -> "CSP";
    case "WL" -> "WLCSP";
    case "TS" -> "TSSOP";
    case "QFN" -> "QFN";
    case "BGA" -> "BGA";
    default -> suffix;  // Return as-is
}

Series Extraction Rules

The handler uses different extraction lengths based on product family:

| Family | Prefix | Series Length | Example | |--------|--------|---------------|---------| | Audio ICs | AK4, AK5 | 5 characters | AK4490, AK5386 | | Sensors | AK8, AK09 | 6 characters | AK8963C, AK09918 |

Series Extraction Logic

// From AKMHandler.extractSeries():
boolean isAudioIC = mpn.startsWith("AK4") || mpn.startsWith("AK5");
int maxLength = isAudioIC ? 5 : 6;

// Extract up to maxLength alphanumeric characters
// AK4490EQ -> AK449 (audio IC, 5 chars)
// AK8963C  -> AK8963 (sensor, 6 chars)
// AK09918  -> AK0991 (sensor, 6 chars)

Interface Detection

For magnetic sensors, interface type can be extracted from the MPN:

| Suffix/Indicator | Interface | Notes | |------------------|-----------|-------| | Ends with "I" | I2C | I2C interface | | Ends with "S" | SPI | SPI interface | | Contains "I2C" | I2C | Explicit in name | | Contains "SPI" | SPI | Explicit in name |

Resolution Detection

For sensors, resolution may be indicated in the MPN:

| Indicator | Resolution | Notes | |-----------|------------|-------| | Contains "14BIT" | 14-bit | Lower resolution mode | | Contains "16BIT" | 16-bit | Standard resolution |

Supported Component Types

From AKMHandler.getSupportedTypes():

| ComponentType | Description | Pattern Examples | |---------------|-------------|------------------| | SENSOR | General sensors, IMUs | AK09[0-9]., AK0991[0-9]. | | MAGNETOMETER | Magnetic sensors, compasses | AK89[0-9]., AK099., AK8963., AK8975., AK09918.* | | IC | Audio DACs and ADCs | AK449[0-9]., AK479[0-9]., AK4490., AK5386. |

Note: The handler has commented-out types (HALL_SENSOR, ADC, DAC) that may not exist in the ComponentType enum.

Pattern Registry

Patterns registered in AKMHandler.initializePatterns():

Magnetometer Patterns

// 3-axis magnetic sensors
"^AK89[0-9].*"       // AK8963, AK8975 series
"^AK099.*"           // AK099xx high precision
"^AK8963.*"          // Electronic compass
"^AK8975.*"          // Electronic compass
"^AK09918.*"         // 3-axis compass

Sensor/IMU Patterns

// 9-axis and Hall sensors
"^AK09[0-9].*"       // General 9-axis
"^AK09911.*"         // 9-axis with accelerometer
"^AK09912.*"         // 9-axis with gyroscope
"^AK09913.*"         // 9-axis combined
"^AK0991[0-9].*"     // Hall sensors

Audio IC Patterns

// DACs and ADCs
"^AK449[0-9].*"      // Audio ADC series
"^AK479[0-9].*"      // Audio DAC series
"^AK4490.*"          // Premium DAC
"^AK5386.*"          // Audio ADC

Official Replacement Logic

The isOfficialReplacement() method checks compatibility based on:

For Sensors (AK8x, AK09x)

  1. Same series
  2. Same resolution (14-bit vs 16-bit)
  3. Compatible interface (I2C/SPI or unspecified)

For Audio ICs (AK4x, AK5x)

  1. Same series
  2. Same sample rate (48/96/192 kHz)

Example MPNs with Explanations

Audio DACs

AK4490EQ
|  |  ||
|  |  |+-- Package: QFN (5x5mm)
|  |  +--- E: Enhanced variant
|  +------ 4490: Premium 32-bit DAC
+--------- AK: AKM prefix

AK4493SEQ
|  |  | |
|  |  | +-- Package: QFN
|  |  +---- S: Super variant
|  +------- 4493: Successor to AK4490
+---------- AK: AKM prefix

AK5386VT
|  |  ||
|  |  |+-- Package: TQFP (7x7mm)
|  |  +--- V: Voltage variant
|  +------ 5386: 24-bit stereo ADC
+--------- AK: AKM prefix

Magnetic Sensors

AK8963C
|  |  |
|  |  +--- C: Revision C
|  +------ 8963: 3-axis electronic compass
+--------- AK: AKM prefix

AK09918
|  |
|  +------ 09918: Latest 3-axis compass
+--------- AK: AKM prefix

AK09911C
|  |   |
|  |   +-- C: Revision
|  +------ 09911: 9-axis IMU with accelerometer
+--------- AK: AKM prefix

Hall Effect Sensors

AK09915
|  |
|  +------ 09915: Hall effect sensor
+--------- AK: AKM prefix

AK09970D
|  |   |
|  |   +-- D: Grade/variant
|  +------ 09970: Linear position sensor
+--------- AK: AKM prefix

Related Files

  • Handler: manufacturers/AKMHandler.java
  • Component types: SENSOR, MAGNETOMETER, IC
  • Pattern registry: PatternRegistry.java

Learnings & Quirks

Handler Implementation

  • getSupportedTypes() uses HashSet: Should be migrated to Set.of() for immutability (known technical debt)
  • IC type needed: Audio IC patterns are registered under ComponentType.IC, so IC must be in getSupportedTypes() for matches to work correctly
  • Commented-out types: HALL_SENSOR, ADC, DAC types are commented out in getSupportedTypes() - may indicate missing ComponentType definitions

Pattern Overlap

  • AK09xxx series: Multiple patterns overlap (AK09[0-9], AK099, AK09911, etc.) - more specific patterns should be checked first
  • Sensor vs Magnetometer: AK099xx matches both SENSOR (AK09[0-9]) and MAGNETOMETER (AK099) patterns - first match wins

Series Extraction

  • Length varies by family: Audio ICs use 5 chars, sensors use 6 chars
  • Includes variant letter: For sensors, the series includes the variant letter (AK8963C -> AK8963, but for shorter audio ICs AK4490EQ -> AK449)

Replacement Compatibility

  • Sample rate matching for audio: Audio ICs require matching sample rates (48/96/192 kHz) for replacement compatibility
  • Interface compatibility for sensors: Sensors with unspecified interface can match either I2C or SPI variants

Common Applications

  • AK8963: Very popular in consumer electronics, used in smartphone compasses
  • AK4490: Reference DAC for high-end audio equipment
  • AK09918: Modern smartphone compass IC

Fire at AKM Factory (2020)

In October 2020, a fire at AKM's primary manufacturing facility severely impacted production:

  • Many audio DAC/ADC products had extended lead times
  • Some products were EOL'd
  • Competitors (ESS, Cirrus Logic) gained market share
  • Recovery took 2+ years for some product lines

Consider lifecycle status when specifying AKM components.

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