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extracting-pdf-text

Extract text from PDFs for LLM consumption. Use when processing PDFs for RAG, document analysis, or text extraction. Supports API services (Mistral OCR) and local tools (PyMuPDF, pdfplumber). Handles text-based PDFs, tables, and scanned documents with OCR.

personAuthor: jakexiaohubgithub
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Extracting PDF Text for LLMs

This skill provides tools and guidance for extracting text from PDFs in formats suitable for language model consumption.

Quick Decision Guide

| PDF Type | Best Approach | Script | |----------|--------------|--------| | Simple text PDF | PyMuPDF | scripts/extract_pymupdf.py | | PDF with tables | pdfplumber | scripts/extract_pdfplumber.py | | Scanned/image PDF (local) | pytesseract | scripts/extract_with_ocr.py | | Complex layout, highest accuracy | Mistral OCR API | scripts/extract_mistral_ocr.py | | End-to-end RAG pipeline | marker-pdf | pip install marker-pdf |

Recommended Workflow

  1. Try PyMuPDF first - fastest, handles most text-based PDFs well
  2. If tables are mangled - switch to pdfplumber
  3. If scanned/image-based - use Mistral OCR API (best accuracy) or local OCR (free but slower)

Local Extraction (No API Required)

PyMuPDF - Fast General Extraction

Best for: Text-heavy PDFs, speed-critical workflows, basic structure preservation.

uv run scripts/extract_pymupdf.py input.pdf output.md

The script outputs markdown with preserved headings and paragraphs. For LLM-optimized output, it uses pymupdf4llm which formats text for RAG systems.

pdfplumber - Table Extraction

Best for: PDFs with tables, financial documents, structured data.

uv run scripts/extract_pdfplumber.py input.pdf output.md

Tables are converted to markdown format. Note: pdfplumber works best on machine-generated PDFs, not scanned documents.

Local OCR - Scanned Documents

Best for: Scanned PDFs when API access is unavailable.

uv run scripts/extract_with_ocr.py input.pdf output.txt

Requires: pytesseract, pdf2image, and Tesseract installed (brew install tesseract on macOS).

API-Based Extraction

Mistral OCR API

Best for: Complex layouts, scanned documents, highest accuracy, multilingual content, math formulas.

Pricing: ~1000 pages per dollar (very cost-effective)

export MISTRAL_API_KEY="your-key"
uv run scripts/extract_mistral_ocr.py input.pdf output.md

Features:

  • Outputs clean markdown
  • Preserves document structure (headings, lists, tables)
  • Handles images, math equations, multilingual text
  • 95%+ accuracy on complex documents

For detailed API options and other services, see references/api-services.md.

Output Format Recommendations

For LLM consumption, markdown is preferred:

  • Preserves semantic structure (headings become context boundaries)
  • Tables remain readable
  • Compatible with most RAG chunking strategies

For detailed comparisons of local tools, see references/local-tools.md.