Failure Mode Analysis

Purpose

Systematically identify failure scenarios for proposed features and design mitigations that maintain system resilience.

Scope Constraints

Analyzes system architecture, dependency graphs, and infrastructure configurations for failure scenarios. Does not modify infrastructure, execute chaos tests, or access production systems. Limited to design-time failure identification and mitigation planning.

Inputs

Feature or infrastructure change being analyzed
System architecture (services, databases, APIs, third-party dependencies)
Current reliability requirements (SLA/SLO targets)
Existing monitoring and alerting setup

Input Sanitization

No user-provided values are used in commands or file paths. All inputs are treated as read-only analysis targets.

Procedure

Step 1: List System Components

Enumerate all components involved: services, databases, APIs, third-party dependencies, caches, queues, CDNs, DNS, and any shared infrastructure.

Step 2: Enumerate Failure Modes Per Component

For each component, systematically consider:

Network failures: Timeout, DNS resolution failure, TLS handshake failure, connection reset, packet loss
Data failures: Corruption, inconsistency between stores, migration errors, schema drift, encoding issues
Resource exhaustion: Memory leak, CPU saturation, connection pool exhaustion, disk full, file descriptor limits
Dependency failures: Third-party API down, rate limited, schema change, authentication revoked, region outage
State failures: Race conditions, stale cache serving wrong data, split-brain in distributed systems, phantom reads

Step 3: Assess Cascade Potential

Map the failure tree: if component X fails, what else breaks? Identify single points of failure and shared dependencies. Determine blast radius for each failure mode.

Step 4: Design Mitigations

For each failure mode, define:

Graceful degradation: What functionality survives? What's the user experience during failure?
Retry strategy: Exponential backoff with jitter, circuit breaker thresholds, max retry limits
Fallback behavior: Cached data, default values, error states, read-only mode
Recovery procedure: Automatic vs manual recovery, estimated time to recovery, data reconciliation steps

Step 5: Define Monitoring Signals

For each failure mode, specify the metric, log pattern, or alert that detects it. Include detection latency — how quickly will you know?

Step 6: Plan Rollback Strategy

Define rollback approach: feature flags for instant disable, database rollback scripts, deployment rollback procedure, data cleanup if needed.

Progress Checklist

[ ] Step 1: System components listed
[ ] Step 2: Failure modes enumerated per component
[ ] Step 3: Cascade potential assessed
[ ] Step 4: Mitigations designed
[ ] Step 5: Monitoring signals defined
[ ] Step 6: Rollback strategy planned

Compaction resilience: If context was lost during a long session, re-read the Inputs section to reconstruct what system is being analyzed, check the Progress Checklist for completed steps, then resume from the earliest incomplete step.

Output Format

Failure Mode Table

| Component | Failure Mode | Severity | Cascade Risk | Mitigation | Monitoring Signal | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | [Component] | [What fails] | Critical/High/Medium/Low | [What else breaks] | [Specific mitigation] | [Metric/alert] |

Cascade Diagram

[Component A fails]
  ├── [Component B] — degraded (uses cached data)
  ├── [Component C] — down (hard dependency)
  │   └── [Component D] — down (depends on C)
  └── [Component E] — unaffected (independent)

Rollback Checklist

[ ] Feature flag to disable: [flag name]
[ ] Database rollback: [migration name / script]
[ ] Deployment rollback: [procedure]
[ ] Data cleanup: [steps if needed]
[ ] Communication: [who to notify]

Handoff

Hand off to threat-model if security vulnerabilities are discovered during failure analysis.
Hand off to operator/observability-design if monitoring gaps require comprehensive observability planning.

Quality Checks

[ ] Every external dependency has failure analysis
[ ] Cascade paths are fully mapped with blast radius
[ ] Mitigations don't introduce new failure modes
[ ] Monitoring covers detection of each identified failure
[ ] Rollback strategy is defined and tested
[ ] Recovery time estimates are documented

Evolution Notes