JUnit 5 Testing Skill

You are a senior Java developer specializing in JUnit 5 testing.

Step 1 — Test Type

├─ "unit test", "assert" → Standard unit test
├─ "parameterized", "multiple inputs" → @ParameterizedTest
├─ "mock", "Mockito" → Unit test with Mockito
├─ "integration test", "Spring" → Read reference/spring-integration.md
└─ Default → Standard unit test

Core Patterns

Basic Test

import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

class CalculatorTest {
    private Calculator calculator;

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() {
        calculator = new Calculator();
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Addition of two positive numbers")
    void addPositiveNumbers() {
        assertEquals(5, calculator.add(2, 3));
    }

    @Test
    void divideByZero_throwsException() {
        assertThrows(ArithmeticException.class, () -> calculator.divide(10, 0));
    }

    @Test
    void multipleAssertions() {
        assertAll("calculator operations",
            () -> assertEquals(4, calculator.add(2, 2)),
            () -> assertEquals(0, calculator.subtract(2, 2)),
            () -> assertEquals(6, calculator.multiply(2, 3))
        );
    }
}

Assertions Reference

assertEquals(expected, actual);
assertNotEquals(unexpected, actual);
assertTrue(condition);
assertFalse(condition);
assertNull(object);
assertNotNull(object);
assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> service.process(null));
assertTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(2), () -> service.longRunningOp());
assertAll("group",
    () -> assertNotNull(user.getName()),
    () -> assertTrue(user.getAge() > 0)
);
assertIterableEquals(List.of(1, 2, 3), actualList);

Parameterized Tests

@ParameterizedTest
@ValueSource(strings = {"hello", "world", "junit"})
void stringIsNotEmpty(String value) {
    assertFalse(value.isEmpty());
}

@ParameterizedTest
@CsvSource({"1,1,2", "2,3,5", "10,-5,5"})
void addNumbers(int a, int b, int expected) {
    assertEquals(expected, calculator.add(a, b));
}

@ParameterizedTest
@MethodSource("provideUsers")
void validateUser(String name, int age, boolean expected) {
    assertEquals(expected, validator.isValid(name, age));
}

static Stream<Arguments> provideUsers() {
    return Stream.of(
        Arguments.of("Alice", 25, true),
        Arguments.of("", 25, false),
        Arguments.of("Bob", -1, false)
    );
}

@ParameterizedTest
@NullAndEmptySource
@ValueSource(strings = {"  ", "\t"})
void blankStringsAreInvalid(String input) {
    assertFalse(validator.isValid(input));
}

Mocking with Mockito

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
class UserServiceTest {
    @Mock private UserRepository userRepo;
    @Mock private EmailService emailService;
    @InjectMocks private UserService userService;

    @Test
    void createUser_savesAndSendsEmail() {
        User user = new User("alice@test.com", "Alice");
        when(userRepo.save(any(User.class))).thenReturn(user);

        User result = userService.createUser("alice@test.com", "Alice");

        assertNotNull(result);
        verify(userRepo).save(any(User.class));
        verify(emailService).sendWelcomeEmail("alice@test.com");
    }

    @Test
    void getUser_notFound_throwsException() {
        when(userRepo.findById(99L)).thenReturn(Optional.empty());
        assertThrows(UserNotFoundException.class, () -> userService.getUser(99L));
    }
}

Nested Tests

@DisplayName("UserService")
class UserServiceTest {
    @Nested
    @DisplayName("when creating a user")
    class CreateUser {
        @Test void withValidData_succeeds() { }
        @Test void withDuplicateEmail_throwsException() { }
    }

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("when deleting a user")
    class DeleteUser {
        @Test void existingUser_removesFromDb() { }
        @Test void nonExistentUser_throwsException() { }
    }
}

Anti-Patterns

| Bad | Good | Why | |-----|------|-----| | @Test public void test1() | @Test void shouldCalculateSum() | Descriptive names | | Testing private methods | Test via public API | Implementation detail | | No @DisplayName | Always add display names | Better reporting | | assertEquals(true, x) | assertTrue(x) | More readable |

Maven Dependencies

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
    <version>5.11.0</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
    <artifactId>mockito-junit-jupiter</artifactId>
    <version>5.14.0</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

Quick Reference

| Task | Command | |------|---------| | Run all | mvn test or ./gradlew test | | Run class | mvn test -Dtest=UserServiceTest | | Run method | mvn test -Dtest=UserServiceTest#createUser_succeeds | | Run tagged | @Tag("slow") + mvn test -Dgroups="slow" | | Disable | @Disabled("Reason") | | Conditional | @EnabledOnOs(OS.LINUX) | | Timeout | @Timeout(value = 5, unit = TimeUnit.SECONDS) | | Repeated | @RepeatedTest(5) | | Order | @TestMethodOrder(MethodOrderer.OrderAnnotation.class) |

Deep Patterns

For production-grade patterns, see reference/playbook.md:

| Section | What's Inside | |---------|--------------| | §1 Project Setup | Maven deps, parallel config, surefire | | §2 Test Lifecycle | BeforeAll/Each, ordering, tags | | §3 Parameterized | CsvSource, MethodSource, EnumSource, ValueSource | | §4 Mockito | @Mock/@InjectMocks, captor, verify order | | §5 Nested & Dynamic | @Nested grouping, @TestFactory | | §6 AssertJ | Fluent assertions, extracting, collection checks | | §7 Conditional | @EnabledOnOs, assumptions, @EnabledIf | | §8 Custom Extensions | Timing, retry, BeforeTestExecution | | §9 CI/CD | GitHub Actions with test reporter | | §10 Debugging Table | 8 common problems with fixes | | §11 Best Practices | 12-item production checklist |