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laravel-queues

Implement background jobs with queues, workers, batches, chains, middleware, and failure handling. Use when processing async tasks or handling long-running operations.

personAuthor: jakexiaohubgithub
<objective> Covers Laravel 13 queues with PHP Attributes as the primary configuration mechanism on Jobs, Listeners, Notifications, Mailables, and Broadcast Events (#[Connection], #[Queue], #[Tries], #[Timeout], #[Backoff], #[MaxExceptions], #[FailOnTimeout], #[UniqueFor], #[Delay], #[DebounceFor]) alongside legacy property equivalents. Includes job lifecycle, dispatching, workers, batching, chaining, custom middleware, failed-job handling, Horizon monitoring, testing, troubleshooting, and centralised queue routing via Queue::route() in AppServiceProvider::boot(). </objective>

Laravel Queues (L13 — Attributes-first)

Agent Workflow (MANDATORY)

Before ANY implementation, spawn 3 agents in parallel, one Agent call each with a name:

  1. fuse-ai-pilot:explore-codebase - Audit job classes, connections, queue routes
  2. fuse-ai-pilot:research-expert - Verify L13 Queue + Queue::route() via Context7
  3. mcp__context7__query-docs - Check queue attribute patterns

After implementation, run fuse-ai-pilot:sniper for validation.


Overview

Laravel 13 introduces PHP Attributes on Queueables (Jobs, Listeners, Notifications, Mailables, Broadcast Events) as the primary configuration mechanism. Centralised routing is configured via Queue::route() in AppServiceProvider::boot().

| Attribute (L13 MAIN) | Legacy property | |----------------------|-----------------| | #[Connection('redis')] · #[Queue('podcasts')] | public $connection · public $queue | | #[Tries(5)] · #[Timeout(120)] · #[MaxExceptions(3)] | public int $tries / $timeout / $maxExceptions | | #[Backoff([10, 30, 60])] · #[FailOnTimeout] | public $backoff · public bool $failOnTimeout | | #[UniqueFor(3600)] · #[DeleteWhenMissingModels] · #[Delay(60)] | public $uniqueFor / $deleteWhenMissingModels / $delay | | #[DebounceFor(30, maxWait: 120)] (13.6+, with debounceId()) | — | | no attribute — ->afterCommit() / ShouldQueueAfterCommit | public $afterCommit |

Applies to Jobs, Listeners, Notifications, Mailables, and Broadcast Events.


Critical Rules

  1. Declare queue metadata with Attributes - #[Queue], #[Tries], #[Backoff]
  2. Centralise routing with Queue::route() in AppServiceProvider::boot()
  3. Implement failed(Throwable $e) for every production job
  4. Use ->afterCommit() (or after_commit connection config) when dispatching inside DB transactions
  5. Monitor Redis queues with Horizon in production

Architecture

app/
├── Jobs/
│   └── ProcessPodcast.php       # #[Connection, Queue, Tries, Backoff]
├── Providers/
│   └── AppServiceProvider.php   # Queue::route(ProcessPodcast::class, 'redis')
└── Listeners/
    └── SendShipmentNotification.php  # #[Queue('mail')]

→ See templates/QueueableJob.php.md


Reference Guide

Concepts

Templates

| Template | When to Use | |----------|-------------| | QueueableJob.php.md | Attribute-based job | | BatchJob.php.md | Batchable job | | ChainedJobs.php.md | Job chain | | JobMiddleware.php.md | Custom middleware | | JobTest.php.md | Job test |


Quick Reference

Attribute-based Job (L13 MAIN)

use Illuminate\Queue\Attributes\{Connection, Queue, Tries, Timeout, Backoff, MaxExceptions, FailOnTimeout, UniqueFor};
use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Queue\Queueable;

#[Connection('redis')]
#[Queue('podcasts')]
#[Tries(5)]
#[Timeout(120)]
#[Backoff([10, 30, 60])]
#[MaxExceptions(3)]
#[FailOnTimeout]
#[UniqueFor(3600)]
final class ProcessPodcast implements ShouldQueue
{
    use Queueable;

    public function __construct(public readonly Podcast $podcast) {}

    public function handle(PodcastService $service): void { $service->process($this->podcast); }

    public function failed(\Throwable $e): void { Log::error('Podcast failed', ['id' => $this->podcast->id, 'e' => $e]); }
}

Queue Routing (centralised)

// app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Queue;

public function boot(): void
{
    // First argument = job class, or an interface / trait / parent class
    Queue::route(ProcessPodcast::class, connection: 'redis', queue: 'media');
    Queue::route(ShouldBroadcast::class, queue: 'events');
    Queue::route([ProcessVideo::class => ['redis', 'videos']]);

    // Forward a queue to another queue / connection (13.26+)
    Queue::forward('reports', 'reports.fifo', 'sqs');
}

Other 13.x additions

  • Bus::bulk($jobs) (13.13+) — push many independent jobs grouped by connection/queue, no batch tracking
  • PreparesForDispatch interface (13.9+) — prepareForDispatch() returning false skips dispatch
  • Illuminate\Queue\Middleware\Release job middleware (13.18+) — Release::when($condition, releaseAfter: 60)

→ Legacy public int $tries = 5 style — see legacy-properties.md


Best Practices

DO

  • Use Attributes on Jobs, Listeners, Notifications, Mailables, Broadcast Events
  • Centralise routing via Queue::route() in AppServiceProvider::boot()
  • Use ->afterCommit() when dispatching inside a transaction
  • final job classes, implement failed(), monitor Redis with Horizon

DON'T

  • Mix #[Tries] and public int $tries (single source of truth)
  • Dispatch in a transaction without ->afterCommit() (or after_commit => true)
  • Store large objects/closures in job constructor properties
  • Use sync driver in production