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alibabacloud-cas-ssl-common-tools

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SSL Certificate Toolkit

Unified toolkit for Alibaba Cloud CAS SSL certificate lifecycle management. Covers identity configuration, domain verification, certificate download/upload, CSR generation, format conversion, and certificate matching.

Architecture: CAS API + STS Identity + Alidns DNS + OpenSSL local tools + Shell scripts

Triggers

| English | Chinese | Section | Status | |---------|---------|---------|--------| | "configure identity", "set credentials" | "配置身份" | Identity Resolver | ✅ Active | | "verify domain", "DNS verification" | "验证域名" | Domain Verify | ✅ Active | | "download certificate", "export certificate" | "下载证书" | Certificate Download | ✅ Active | | "upload certificate", "import third-party cert" | "上传证书" | Certificate Upload | ✅ Active | | "generate CSR", "create certificate request" | "生成 CSR" | CSR Generation | ✅ Active | | "convert format", "PEM to PFX" | "转换格式" | Format Conversion | ✅ Active | | "match certificate", "check key cert match", "key mismatch", "check if they match", "are they a pair" | "证书匹配", "检查密钥匹配", "不匹配", "是否匹配", "是不是一对", "是否不匹配", "是不是配套" | Certificate Matching | ✅ Active |

[MUST] Intent Clarification: If user input does NOT match any trigger keyword above, or is too vague (e.g., "帮我处理一下ram", "配置证书", "搞一下SSL"), STOP immediately. Ask the user to clarify which specific operation they need (configure identity / verify domain / download / upload / CSR / format conversion / matching). Do NOT call any CAS, RAM, STS, or Alidns API until the user provides a clear intent. [MUST] HITL Blocking: When any instruction requires asking the user (clarification, name conflict, parameter confirmation), you MUST halt ALL subsequent actions and WAIT for the user's explicit reply. Never auto-advance, auto-retry, assume consent, or proceed to the next step without receiving a non-empty user response. An empty, blank, or silent user response is NOT consent — re-prompt with the exact same question and continue waiting; never treat emptiness as a signal to auto-retry (e.g., re-issuing upload-user-certificate with a different name). You are strictly FORBIDDEN from calling upload-user-certificate or any retry API until a non-empty, explicit user reply is received.

Installation

Pre-check: Aliyun CLI >= 3.3.3 required

[MUST] Verify: aliyun version — must be >= 3.3.3.

  • First install or major upgrade: Follow the verified steps in references/cli-installation-guide.md — download the installer first, review/verify its content, then execute the local copy. Never pipe remote content directly into a shell.
  • Routine update (CLI >= 3.3.5): aliyun upgrade — prefer this built-in self-update over re-running the install script.

Pre-check: Aliyun CLI plugin update required

[MUST] run aliyun configure set --auto-plugin-install true to enable automatic plugin installation. [MUST] run aliyun plugin update to ensure that any existing plugins are always up-to-date.

Local tools:

| Tool | Required | Used By | |------|----------|---------| | openssl | Required | Format conversion, modulus check, chain split, CSR generation | | keytool (Java JDK/JRE) | Required for JKS | scripts/convert-format.sh (pem-to-jks / jks-to-pem) |

Install: macOS brew install openssl openjdk / Linux apt install openssl default-jdk

Environment Variables

| Variable | Source | Purpose | |----------|--------|---------| | $ALIYUN_CMD | Identity Resolver | Full path to aliyun CLI | | $CERT_PROFILE | Identity Resolver | Credential profile for all API operations | | $CERT_REGION | Identity Resolver | Region (default cn-hangzhou) | | $CERT_INSTANCE_ID | Purchase / Domain Verify | Certificate instance ID | | $CERT_CERT_ID | Domain Verify / Upload | Certificate ID (numeric) | | $CERT_DOMAIN | User input or upstream | Target domain |

Authentication

Pre-check: Alibaba Cloud Credentials Required

Security Rules:

  • NEVER read, echo, or print AK/SK values (e.g., echo $ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID is FORBIDDEN)
  • NEVER ask the user to input AK/SK directly in the conversation or command line
  • NEVER use aliyun configure set with literal credential values
  • ONLY use aliyun configure list to check credential status
aliyun configure list

Check the output for a valid profile (AK, STS, or OAuth identity).

If no valid profile exists, STOP here.

  1. Obtain credentials from Alibaba Cloud Console
  2. Configure credentials outside of this session (via aliyun configure in terminal or environment variables in shell profile)
  3. Return and re-run after aliyun configure list shows a valid profile

After credentials are verified, the Identity Resolver in Core Workflow handles full profile detection, identity verification, and branch configuration.

RAM Policy

| Product | Key Actions | Coverage | |---------|-------------|----------| | CAS | ListInstances, GetInstanceDetail, UploadUserCertificate, GetTaskAttribute | Certificate CRUD | | RAM | GetRole, CreateRole, AttachPolicyToRole | Role auto-configuration | | Alidns | AddDomainRecord, DescribeDomainRecords | DNS verification | | STS | GetCallerIdentity | Identity verification |

Recommended (least privilege): use the fine-grained custom policy in references/ram-policies.md. The system policies AliyunYundunCertFullAccess / AliyunDNSFullAccess grant broad cas:* / alidns:* access — accept them only as a quick-trial convenience, never for production.

[MUST] Permission Failure Handling: When any command or API call fails due to permission errors at any point during execution, follow this process:

  1. Read references/ram-policies.md to get the full list of permissions required by this SKILL
  2. Use ram-permission-diagnose skill to guide the user through requesting the necessary permissions
  3. Pause and wait until the user confirms that the required permissions have been granted

Full RAM policy JSON and fine-grained custom policy in references/ram-policies.md.

Parameter Confirmation

IMPORTANT: Parameter Confirmation — Before executing any command or API call, ALL user-customizable parameters (RegionId, instance names, passwords, domain names, etc.) MUST be confirmed with the user. Do NOT assume or use default values without explicit user approval. [MUST] Payment parameters (ProductCode, PurchaseStatus): Always confirm verbally with user before any paid operation. Display exact parameter names and ask user to provide values. NEVER assume or derive defaults for payment parameters.

| Parameter | Required | Description | Default | |-----------|----------|-------------|---------| | RegionId | Required | Alibaba Cloud region | cn-hangzhou | | InstanceId | Required | CAS certificate instance ID | User must provide | | Domain | Required | Target domain name | User must provide | | Certificate Name | Required (upload) | Unique name for uploaded cert | User must provide | | Output Directory | Optional | Directory for output files | /tmp/cert-output | | Password | Required (PFX/JKS) | Export password for PFX/JKS | MUST ask user | | Key Algorithm | Optional | RSA-2048 or ECC P-256 | RSA-2048 | | Profile Name | Optional | CLI credential profile name | cert-operator |

[MUST] If user specifies a profile name, it MUST be used exactly. Auto-fallback to default or other profiles is FORBIDDEN without explicit user approval.

Forbidden CLI Parameters

[FORBIDDEN] NEVER include the following in any aliyun cas command:

  • --product-name (any value) — not a valid CAS API parameter; its presence indicates incorrect command construction
  • --product-code as CLI flag — ProductCode is a verbal confirmation parameter, not a CLI flag

Observability (MUST follow for every aliyun command)

Upon loading this skill, generate a random session ID (32-char lowercase hex string) once for the entire session. Use it as {session-id} below.

Rule: Every aliyun CLI command that calls a cloud API MUST include the --user-agent flag. Local utility commands (e.g. configure, plugin, version) do not support this flag and should be excluded.

--user-agent AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-cas-ssl-common-tools/{session-id}

Example: aliyun cas list-instances --current-page 1 --show-size 10 --user-agent AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-cas-ssl-common-tools/{session-id}

Script execution: Inject the session-id via inline environment variable:

SKILL_SESSION_ID={session-id} bash scripts/split-chain.sh fullchain.pem /output

Core Workflow

[MUST] Entry Gate — Intent First: Before entering ANY subsection below, confirm user intent matches a specific Trigger (§ Triggers table). If input is vague (e.g., "帮我处理一下ram", "配置证书", "搞一下SSL"), STOP — ZERO API calls (no STS, RAM, CAS, Alidns). Ask which operation the user needs. Do NOT generate execution plans or invoke any cloud API until intent is explicit.

CAS Dual API Systems

CAS has two interface systems. Always prefer the new API:

| Dimension | Old API (PascalCase) | New API (kebab-case) | |-----------|---------------------|---------------------| | Instance list | ListUserCertificateOrder | list-instances | | Instance details | GetUserCertificateDetail (CertId, numeric) | get-instance-detail (InstanceId, string) | | Coverage | Only old-format cas-ivauto-xxxxx | Both old and new formats |

Scripts

| Script | Usage | |--------|-------| | scripts/split-chain.sh | ./split-chain.sh <fullchain.pem> <output_dir> | | scripts/convert-format.sh | ./convert-format.sh <command> [options] | | scripts/modulus-check.sh | ./modulus-check.sh <type> <file1> <file2> [file3] |

Domain Pre-check

When user provides a domain but intent is unclear:

aliyun cas list-instances --profile $CERT_PROFILE --region $CERT_REGION --user-agent AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-cas-ssl-common-tools/{session-id} \
  --keyword "{{domain}}" --current-page 1 --show-size 100

[MUST] Domain matching: When user provides a domain for upload or deployment without an InstanceId, always run the above list-instances --keyword first to verify domain coverage. Skip this step if user already provided an InstanceId.

| Instance Status | Suggested Route | |----------------|----------------| | issued and not expired | Deploy or Download | | Only inactive instances | Continue application via Purchase | | No matching instances | Purchase new certificate |

Identity Resolver

Auto-detect runtime environment and configure credentials. See references/identity-resolver-commands.md for detailed CLI detection and role creation commands.

Step 1: Detect Credentials — Check in order:

  1. Environment variables ($ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID) → Create temp profile
  2. Local CLI profile ($ALIYUN_CMD configure list) → Use existing profile
  3. None found → Enter Step 3

Step 2: Verify Identity

$ALIYUN_CMD sts get-caller-identity --profile {{profile_name}} --user-agent AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-cas-ssl-common-tools/{session-id}
  • AccountId returned → Identity confirmed. If first-time Branch A → Step 3.5
  • Error → Enter Step 3

Step 3: Branch Configuration

| Condition | Branch | |-----------|--------| | $ALIBABA_CLOUD_SERVICE_ACCESS_KEY_ID set + AccountId available | Branch B: Role Assumption | | Service AK not set | Branch A: Local Profile | | Service AK set but no AccountId | Ask user for AccountId |

Branch A: $ALIYUN_CMD configure --profile cert-operator Branch B: $ALIYUN_CMD configure --profile cert-operator --mode RamRoleArn (auto-fill from service AK + acs:ram::{{account_id}}:role/cert-operator)

Step 3.5: Role Auto-Configuration (First Branch A Only) — Offer to create cert-operator role with trust policy for aideepsign.aliyuncs.com and attach AliyunYundunCertFullAccess, AliyunDNSFullAccess. Full commands in references/identity-resolver-commands.md.

[FORBIDDEN] If the requested profile (e.g., cert-operator) does not exist, you MUST NOT silently fall back to any other profile (including default). STOP and inform the user that the specified profile is missing. Offer to create the profile or ask the user for an alternative. Do NOT proceed with API calls until a valid, explicitly confirmed profile is set.

Step 4: Verify CAS Access

$ALIYUN_CMD cas list-instances --profile {{profile_name}} --region cn-hangzhou --current-page 1 --show-size 1 --user-agent AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-cas-ssl-common-tools/{session-id}

Step 5: Output

export ALIYUN_CMD="{{aliyun_path}}"
export CERT_PROFILE="{{profile_name}}"
export CERT_ACCOUNT_ID="{{account_id}}"
export CERT_REGION="{{region}}"

Domain Verify

Domain verification helper. See references/domain-verify-commands.md for detailed API fields and DNS/HTTP commands.

Step 1: Locate Instance

  • Has InstanceId → aliyun cas get-instance-detail --instance-id "{{id}}"
  • Has domain only → aliyun cas list-instances --keyword "{{domain}}" → Extract InstanceId
  • Neither → Ask user

Step 2: Query Status

aliyun cas get-instance-detail --profile $CERT_PROFILE --region $CERT_REGION --instance-id "{{id}}" --user-agent AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-cas-ssl-common-tools/{session-id}

| Status | Action | |--------|--------| | CertificateStatus = issued | Done — extract CertId | | checking / pending | Continue to Step 3 | | failed / closed | Show error |

Step 3: Execute Verification — Find ValidationMethod in response:

  • DNS: Extract DnsHost + DnsValue. If Alibaba Cloud DNS, auto-add via aliyun alidns add-domain-record; otherwise provide manual TXT record guidance.
  • HTTP: Extract FilePath + FileContent. Guide user to create file at web server root, or auto-upload via SSH/SCP.

Step 4: Poll Result — Poll get-instance-detail every 30-60s until CertificateStatus → issued or timeout (>30 min).

Step 5: Output

export CERT_CERT_ID="{{cert_id}}"
export CERT_DOMAIN="{{domain}}"
export CERT_STATUS="verified"

Certificate Download

Query issuance status, extract certificate content, split chain, convert format, verify integrity.

Step 1: Query Issuance

aliyun cas get-instance-detail --profile $CERT_PROFILE --region $CERT_REGION --instance-id "{{id}}" --user-agent AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-cas-ssl-common-tools/{session-id}

Must have CertificateStatus = issued before proceeding.

Step 2: Extract Certificate Content — Parse Cert (server PEM) and Key (private key PEM) from response. Write to secure temp directory:

CERT_TMPDIR=$(mktemp -d /tmp/cert-XXXXXX)
chmod 700 "$CERT_TMPDIR"
echo "{{cert_content}}" > "$CERT_TMPDIR/server.pem"
echo "{{key_content}}" > "$CERT_TMPDIR/server.key"
chmod 600 "$CERT_TMPDIR/server.key"

Step 3: Split Chain

bash scripts/split-chain.sh "$CERT_TMPDIR/server.pem" "{{output_dir}}"

Outputs: server_only.pem, chain.pem, fullchain.pem.

Step 4: Convert Format (if needed) — Default is Nginx PEM. For other formats:

[MUST] Before running convert-format.sh pem-to-pfx or pem-to-jks, ask the user for the export password via ask_user_question. [NEVER] hardcode, auto-generate, or assume a default password.

# PFX (for IIS/Windows)
bash scripts/convert-format.sh pem-to-pfx "{{output_dir}}/server_only.pem" "{{output_dir}}/server.key" "{{output_dir}}/{{domain}}.pfx" "{{output_dir}}/chain.pem" "{{password}}"

# JKS (for Tomcat)
bash scripts/convert-format.sh pem-to-jks "{{output_dir}}/server_only.pem" "{{output_dir}}/server.key" "{{output_dir}}/{{domain}}.jks" myalias "{{password}}"

# DER
bash scripts/convert-format.sh pem-to-der "{{output_dir}}/server_only.pem" "{{output_dir}}/{{domain}}.crt"

For Nginx: cp "{{output_dir}}/fullchain.pem" "{{output_dir}}/{{domain}}.fullchain.pem" and cp "{{output_dir}}/server.key" "{{output_dir}}/{{domain}}.key"

[MUST] Before deploying, verify key-cert match using bash scripts/modulus-check.sh key-cert. [NEVER] use inline openssl modulus commands for this verification.

Step 6: Output

export CERT_CERT_ID="{{cert_id}}"
export CERT_PATH="{{output_dir}}/{{domain}}.fullchain.pem"
export CERT_KEY="{{output_dir}}/{{domain}}.key"

Certificate Upload

Upload third-party certificates (PEM/PFX/SM2) to Alibaba Cloud CAS.

Step 1: Read and Parse Certificate

  • PEM: Read cert and key files directly.
  • PFX: Extract first: bash scripts/convert-format.sh pfx-to-pem "{{cert.pfx}}" /tmp/cert-upload "{{password}}"

Parse certificate info: openssl x509 -in "{{cert_file}}" -text -noout | grep -E "Subject:|Issuer:|Not Before:|Not After:"

Verify key matches: bash scripts/modulus-check.sh key-cert "{{key_file}}" "{{cert_file}}"

Step 2: Upload

aliyun cas upload-user-certificate --profile $CERT_PROFILE --region $CERT_REGION --user-agent AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-cas-ssl-common-tools/{session-id} \
  --Name "{{cert_name}}" --Cert "$(cat {{cert_file}})" --Key "$(cat {{key_file}})"

Name must be unique. Check first: aliyun cas list-instances --keyword "{{cert_name}}"

[MUST] Name Conflict HITL: If the upload returns NameAlreadyExist or NameRepeat, STOP and ask the user to confirm a new certificate name. Suggest alternatives (e.g., append -02, -backup, or date suffix). Do NOT auto-retry with a modified name without explicit user approval. WAIT for the user's explicit reply before any retry. [MUST NOT] NEVER auto-retry upload-user-certificate with any system-generated or AI-derived name. After a name conflict, STOP immediately and WAIT for user input. Only proceed with a retry AFTER receiving the user's explicit new name in a non-empty reply — auto-retry without user input is strictly prohibited.

Success: {"CertId": 12345}

Step 3: Output

export CERT_CERT_ID="{{cert_id}}"
export CERT_DOMAIN="{{common_name}}"

[MUST] Final Answer Verification (Upload): Before outputting the final summary for any upload operation, cross-check Certificate Name, CertId, and Domain against the most recent API response JSON. Fix any character-level discrepancies (truncation, digit transposition, missing zeros). NEVER generate the summary from memory.

CSR Generation

Generate and inspect Certificate Signing Requests. Supports RSA/ECC, single/multi-domain/wildcard.

Single domain (RSA-2048):

openssl req -new -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout "{{domain}}.key" -out "{{domain}}.csr" -subj "/CN={{domain}}"

Multi-domain SAN: Create san.cnf config with [alt_names] section, then:

openssl req -new -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout "{{domain}}.key" -out "{{domain}}.csr" -config san.cnf -extensions v3_req

Wildcard: Same as single domain with CN=*.example.com.

ECC (P-256):

openssl ecparam -genkey -name prime256v1 -out "{{domain}}.key"
openssl req -new -key "{{domain}}.key" -out "{{domain}}.csr" -subj "/CN={{domain}}"

Inspect CSR: openssl req -in "{{csr_file}}" -text -noout

Format Conversion

All conversions use scripts/convert-format.sh. Available commands:

| Command | Usage | |---------|-------| | pem-to-pfx | <cert.pem> <key.pem> <output.pfx> [chain.pem] [password] | | pfx-to-pem | <input.pfx> <output_prefix> [password] | | pem-to-jks | <cert.pem> <key.pem> <output.jks> [alias] [password] | | jks-to-pem | <input.jks> <output_prefix> [jks_pass] [pem_pass] | | pem-to-der | <cert.pem> <output.der> | | der-to-pem | <input.der> <output.pem> | | pfx-to-jks | <input.pfx> <output.jks> [pfx_pass] [jks_pass] [alias] |

Example: bash scripts/convert-format.sh pfx-to-pem cert.pfx /output/cert "mypassword" → /output/cert.crt + /output/cert.key

Certificate Matching

Verify key/cert/CSR matching, chain integrity, and domain coverage.

[MUST] Use scripts/modulus-check.sh for ALL key/cert/CSR matching verification. [NEVER] substitute with inline openssl x509 -modulus, openssl rsa -modulus, or any equivalent inline command.

bash scripts/modulus-check.sh key-cert "{{key.pem}}" "{{cert.pem}}"
bash scripts/modulus-check.sh key-csr "{{key.pem}}" "{{csr.pem}}"
bash scripts/modulus-check.sh all "{{key.pem}}" "{{cert.pem}}" "{{csr.pem}}"
bash scripts/split-chain.sh fullchain.pem /tmp/cert-verify
openssl x509 -in "{{cert}}" -text -noout | awk '/X509v3 Subject Alternative Name/{getline; print}'
openssl x509 -in "{{cert}}" -noout -dates

Revoke and Delete — DISABLED

This feature is currently disabled. API execution is not permitted. Redirect to console: https://yundun.console.aliyun.com/?p=cas

Orchestration Logic

This skill is a toolkit — the Agent routes to specific sub-sections based on user intent. Entry points are dynamic:

| Entry Point | Trigger | Call Order | |-------------|---------|------------| | Identity Resolver | First-time / no $CERT_PROFILE | Detect → Resolve → output env vars | | Domain Verify | After purchase or standalone | Query → Validate → Execute → Poll | | Certificate Download | Cert issued | Query → Download → Split chain | | Certificate Upload | Third-party cert | Upload → output $CERT_CERT_ID | | CSR Generation | Before purchase | Generate CSR → output CSR file | | Format Conversion | User has cert files | Run convert-format.sh | | Certificate Matching | Troubleshooting | Run modulus-check.sh → report |

Upstream: alibabacloud-cas-ssl-cert-purchase (provides $CERT_INSTANCE_ID, $CERT_DOMAIN) | Downstream: alibabacloud-cas-ssl-cert-deploy (uses $CERT_CERT_ID)

Success Verification Method

| Function | Verification Command | Success Indicator | |----------|---------------------|-------------------| | Identity Resolver | aliyun sts get-caller-identity | AccountId returned | | Domain Verify | get-instance-detail → CertificateStatus | Equals issued | | Certificate Download | openssl verify -CAfile chain.pem server_only.pem | Outputs OK | | Certificate Upload | Upload API response | CertId returned | | CSR Generation | openssl req -in <csr> -text -noout | Correct Subject/SAN | | Format Conversion | Parse output file with openssl/keytool | Valid certificate data | | Certificate Matching | scripts/modulus-check.sh | Reports MATCH |

Cleanup

# [MUST] Validate CERT_TMPDIR matches the /tmp/cert-* mktemp pattern — never rm -rf an unvalidated variable.
case "${CERT_TMPDIR:-}" in
  /tmp/cert-?*) rm -rf "$CERT_TMPDIR" ;;
  *) echo "Skipped: CERT_TMPDIR is unset or not an expected /tmp/cert-* path" ;;
esac
rm -rf /tmp/cert-*.pfx /tmp/cert-output /tmp/cert-verify /tmp/cert-upload
unset CERT_PROFILE CERT_REGION CERT_INSTANCE_ID CERT_CERT_ID CERT_DOMAIN CERT_SESSION_ID CERT_TMPDIR

Security: Never leave private key files in world-readable locations. Always clean up temp files containing private keys after use.

Command Tables

Key commands (full list in references/related-commands.md): list-instances, get-instance-detail, upload-user-certificate, add-domain-record, get-caller-identity, plus scripts/ utilities.

Best Practices

  1. Always prefer new CAS API (kebab-case list-instances) over old API (PascalCase ListUserCertificateOrder)
  2. [MUST] Use scripts/ for deterministic operations — [NEVER] rewrite format conversion, modulus check, or chain split inline (no openssl x509 -modulus, no manual openssl pkcs12, etc.)
  3. [MUST] Always verify key-cert match before uploading — run bash scripts/modulus-check.sh key-cert, [NEVER] skip or use inline alternatives
  4. Split certificate chain before deploying to CDN/SLB (many services require separate server cert and chain)
  5. Use --user-agent on every aliyun API command for observability
  6. Never print or log private key content — treat all .key files as secrets
  7. Prefer ECC P-256 over RSA-2048 for new certificates (smaller, faster, equivalent security)
  8. Confirm all parameters with user before execution
  9. Use RAM roles (Branch B) over direct AK/SK (Branch A) for production environments

Reference Links

| Reference | Description | |-----------|-------------| | references/cli-installation-guide.md | Full CLI installation and configuration guide | | references/identity-resolver-commands.md | Identity detection, role creation, and trust policy commands | | references/domain-verify-commands.md | DNS/HTTP verification API fields and commands | | references/cert-download-commands.md | Certificate download API fields and chain split details | | references/cert-upload-commands.md | Certificate upload API parameters and error codes | | references/ram-policies.md | RAM permission policies and fine-grained custom policy JSON | | references/related-commands.md | Consolidated CLI command reference table | | references/verification-method.md | Detailed success verification steps per toolkit function |

Error Handling

| Scenario | Resolution | |----------|-----------| | $CERT_PROFILE not set | Run Identity Resolver | | $ALIYUN_CMD not set | Run Identity Resolver | | InvalidInstanceId.NotFound | Check InstanceId format | | Forbidden.RAM | Add AliyunYundunCertFullAccess — see RAM Policy section | | NameAlreadyExist (upload) | Use different certificate name | | KeyNotMatchCert (upload) | Run scripts/modulus-check.sh key-cert | | Cert field empty (download) | Try CertFilter=false or check SM2 | | keytool missing (JKS) | Install JDK or use PEM/PFX | | Chain verification failed | Check intermediate chain completeness |