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alibabacloud-waf-config-backup

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person作者: alibabacloud-skillshubOpenAPI
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Alibaba Cloud WAF 3.0 Full Configuration Backup

One-command, full-configuration backup of all WAF 3.0 instances under an account into a single structured Excel workbook. Produces a complete snapshot covering three onboarding types, defense policies, and the binding relationships that link them — suitable for disaster-recovery snapshots, configuration audits, delivery documentation, and migration inventories.

Supports Chinese mainland site (aliyun.com) and International site (alibabacloud.com), merging both Chinese mainland and non-Chinese mainland instances under the same account.

Supports two account topologies under WAF 3.0 multi-account unified management:

  • Single UID — the executing account directly owns the WAF instances and resources.
  • Delegated administrator — the executing account is the WAF delegated administrator under a Resource Directory; each protected resource may belong to a different member account, and the workbook resolves and labels every row with its real owning UID.

The scenario is auto-detected at runtime and shown both in the filename (UID prefix) and in the Summary sheet.

Scope: backup / export only. This skill never performs write operations (no create / modify / delete). It is safe to run against production.

DR-grade backup principle

Every object is exported in two complementary forms so the snapshot is sufficient to reconstruct the configuration, not just inventory it:

  1. Human-readable parsed columns — friendly views (ports, conditions, actions, timeouts, etc.) for audit and quick reading.
  2. Full untruncated raw JSON column — each CNAME domain, defense rule, template, and binding row carries a complete Raw JSON column holding the exact API payload. Because rule Config structures differ per DefenseScene and may change across API versions, the raw column guarantees no field is ever silently dropped — it is the authoritative source for rebuild.

Reconstruction caveats (cannot be captured by any read-only API): TLS certificate private keys are not exportable — the Cert ID / Cert Name are references; the certificate must already exist (or be re-uploaded) in the target account before rebuild. Likewise, cloud-product onboarding (ALB/CLB/ECS) depends on those product instances existing first.

What Gets Exported

Account topology (probed once)
├── Caller identity           ← sts get-caller-identity                    (caller UID, used as filename prefix)
├── Delegated-admin status    ← DescribeAccountDelegatedStatus           (single-UID vs. delegated administrator)
└── Member accounts (delegated-admin only)
    ├── Member list           ← DescribeMemberAccounts                   (account ID / name / status + raw JSON)
    └── Resource → owner UID  ← DescribeDefenseResourceOwnerUid          (per-region OwnerUid map for row tagging)

WAF 3.0 Instance (per region)
├── Instance info               ← DescribeInstance                         (edition, paytype, expiry, quotas + raw JSON)
├── Onboarding config
│   ├── CNAME domains          ← DescribeDomains + DescribeDomainDetail   (full listen/redirect/cert + raw JSON)
│   ├── Cloud-product access   ← DescribeCloudResources                  (best-effort + raw JSON)
│   └── Hybrid-cloud access    ← DescribeHybridCloudResources            (best-effort + raw JSON)
├── Protected objects          ← DescribeDefenseResources (no template filter) (full standalone inventory + raw JSON)
├── Protected-object groups    ← DescribeDefenseResourceGroups            (group → members + raw JSON)
├── Defense templates          ← DescribeDefenseTemplates                (id/type/origin/status + raw JSON)
├── Defense policies
│   └── 11 DefenseScene types  ← DescribeDefenseRules                    (parsed + full untruncated Config JSON)
└── Binding relationships
    └── Template → protected objects ← DescribeDefenseResources (per template) (template id + pattern + detail + raw JSON)

Member-scoped sheets (CNAME / Cloud Resource / Hybrid Cloud / Protected Objects / Bindings) carry an OwnerUid first column. Under the single-UID scenario this column is hidden by default (value-redundant — every row equals the caller UID); under the delegated-administrator scenario it is shown and resolved from the per-region ResourceName → OwnerUid map (with caller UID as fallback). Admin-scoped sheets (Instance Info / Object Groups / Templates / Defense Rules) do not carry this column — these resources have no member-account ownership semantics.

Excel Workbook Structure

| Sheet | Content | |-------|---------| | Summary | Dashboard: backup metadata + caller UID + scenario (single UID / delegated administrator + member count) + counts per region | | Instance Info | WAF instance specification + full raw JSON | | Member Accounts | Member account inventory (only present in the delegated-administrator scenario): account ID / name / status / description / join time | | Guide | Embedded documentation for rebuilding | | CNAME (CN) / CNAME (Intl) | CNAME onboarding: ports, backends, TLS, cert + raw JSON | | Cloud Resource (CN) / (Intl) | Cloud-product onboarding + raw JSON (skipped if none) | | Hybrid Cloud (CN) / (Intl) | Hybrid-cloud onboarding + raw JSON (skipped if none) | | Protected Objects (CN) / (Intl) | Full object inventory + raw JSON | | Object Groups (CN) / (Intl) | Object groups → members + raw JSON (skipped if none) | | Templates (CN) / (Intl) | Defense templates + raw JSON | | {SceneLabel} (CN) / (Intl) | Defense rules per type + full Config JSON (skipped if empty) | | Bindings (CN) / (Intl) | Template → object mapping + raw JSON | | Changes (Diff) | Rule-level diff vs the auto-discovered baseline (Added / Removed / Modified across RuleName / Status / Action / Conditions). Skipped when --no-diff is set or when no baseline is found |

Region: CN = cn-hangzhou, Intl = ap-southeast-1. Empty combinations are skipped.

Member-scoped sheets (CNAME, Cloud Resource, Hybrid Cloud, Protected Objects, Bindings) carry an OwnerUid first column; the column is hidden in single-UID runs and shown in delegated-administrator runs. Admin-scoped sheets (Instance Info, Object Groups, Templates, Defense Rules) have no such column.

Diff is on by default: the script auto-discovers the most recent waf_config_backup_<caller_uid>_*[_lang].xlsx in the output directory (excluding the current run, matching language) and compares against it. The baseline filename is recorded in Summary Row 5. Use --prev <path> to override auto-discovery, or --no-diff to disable diff entirely.

Installation

Pre-check: Aliyun CLI >= 3.3.3 required

Run aliyun version to verify >= 3.3.3. If not installed or version too low, run curl -fsSL https://aliyuncli.alicdn.com/setup.sh | bash to install/update, or see references/cli-installation-guide.md.

aliyun version

Pre-check: Aliyun CLI plugin update required

[MUST] run aliyun configure set --auto-plugin-install true to enable automatic plugin installation. [MUST] run aliyun plugin update to ensure that any existing plugins are always up-to-date.

aliyun configure set --auto-plugin-install true
aliyun plugin update

Python dependency:

pip install "openpyxl>=3.1.2"

Authentication

Pre-check: Alibaba Cloud Credentials Required

Security Rules:

  • NEVER read, echo, or print AK/SK values (e.g., echo $ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID is FORBIDDEN)
  • NEVER ask the user to input AK/SK directly in the conversation or command line
  • NEVER use aliyun configure set with literal credential values
  • ONLY use aliyun configure list to check credential status
aliyun configure list

Check the output for a valid profile (AK, STS, or OAuth identity).

If no valid profile exists, STOP here.

  1. Obtain credentials from Alibaba Cloud Console
  2. Configure credentials outside of this session (via aliyun configure in terminal or environment variables in shell profile)
  3. Return and re-run after aliyun configure list shows a valid profile

International site users must configure a separate profile (e.g., aliyun configure --profile intl). Chinese mainland and International site AKs are NOT interchangeable.

RAM Policy

The RAM user must have read-only WAF permissions. Recommended: attach AliyunYundunWAFReadOnlyAccess.

See references/ram-policies.md for the full permission list.

[MUST] Permission Failure Handling: When any command or API call fails due to permission errors at any point during execution, follow this process:

  1. Read references/ram-policies.md to get the full list of permissions required by this SKILL
  2. Guide the user through requesting the necessary permissions
  3. Pause and wait until the user confirms that the required permissions have been granted

Parameter Confirmation

Parameter Confirmation — No user interaction needed. All parameters use sensible defaults. Directly proceed to Core Workflow.

| Parameter | Description | Default | |-----------|-------------|---------| | RegionId | Always query both regions (cn-hangzhou + ap-southeast-1) | Both | | InstanceId | Auto-discovered | — | | Dimensions | Export all dimensions | All | | CLI Profile | Uses default profile; pass --profile <name> if user specifies | default | | Output File | Filename embeds caller UID (auto-detected) and timestamp; bilingual mode appends _zh / _en | waf_config_backup_<UID>_YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS.xlsx (or ..._<lang>.xlsx under --lang all); UID falls back to unknown only if sts get-caller-identity fails |

Core Workflow

Observability (MUST run before any command)

Generate a random session ID (32-char lowercase hex string) once per skill invocation:

SKILL_SESSION_ID="$(cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid 2>/dev/null | tr -d '-' || uuidgen | tr -d '-' | tr 'A-F' 'a-f')"

Every business API command (including aliyun waf-openapi ... and aliyun sts ...) MUST carry --user-agent with the session ID:

aliyun waf-openapi describe-instance --region cn-hangzhou --user-agent "AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-waf-config-backup/${SKILL_SESSION_ID}"

UA template format:

AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-waf-config-backup/${SKILL_SESSION_ID}

Rules:

  • All business API commands (e.g., aliyun waf-openapi describe-instance, aliyun sts get-caller-identity) carry --user-agent.
  • System commands (aliyun configure, aliyun version, aliyun plugin) MUST NOT carry --user-agent.
  • Do not place PII in the user-agent string.
  • The bundled Python script handles --user-agent injection automatically.

Step 1: Run the backup script

[MUST] Use the bundled script — DO NOT write your own. The bundled scripts/export_waf_config_backup.py is the single supported entry point and already handles every scenario (single-UID, delegated administrator, unauthorized-fallback). It also injects --user-agent, builds the bilingual workbook, runs auto-discovery diff, and prints the contract success line Backup complete!. A custom replacement script (e.g. export_waf_config.py, export_waf_final.py, or any inline ad-hoc script) will miss these guarantees and is non-compliant. If the bundled script reports an error, fix the environment (CLI version / credentials / RAM policy) and rerun it — never replace it.

Run the bundled script from the skill directory:

# Default profile (Chinese mainland) — diff vs latest backup in cwd is on by default:
python3 scripts/export_waf_config_backup.py

# Specific profile (e.g., International site):
python3 scripts/export_waf_config_backup.py --profile intl

# Optional: custom output path
python3 scripts/export_waf_config_backup.py --profile intl --output /path/to/backup.xlsx

# Override auto-discovery with an explicit baseline:
python3 scripts/export_waf_config_backup.py --prev /path/to/previous_backup.xlsx

# Disable diff entirely (e.g., creating the very first baseline):
python3 scripts/export_waf_config_backup.py --no-diff

The script prints a per-dimension progress log and a final summary. It exits non-zero only if no WAF instance is found in either region.

Step 2: Present the workbook

Report the output path and a one-line summary that includes:

  • Detected scenario (Single UID (<uid>) or Delegated Administrator (UID <uid>, N member accounts))
  • Instance count, total domains / resources / rules / templates

Present the file with a file:// link.

Success Verification

See references/verification-method.md for detailed verification steps.

Best Practices

  1. Always query both regions to avoid missing dual-instance deployments.
  2. DR-grade design: every row carries a full untruncated raw-JSON column as the authoritative source.
  3. Certificate private keys and cloud-product instances cannot be exported — backup stores references only.
  4. Empty Cloud Resource / Hybrid Cloud dimensions are normal — sheets are simply omitted.
  5. The script enforces 200ms delay between calls to prevent throttling.
  6. Config JSON differs across DefenseScene types — type-specific extractors plus full raw Config column.
  7. IP blacklist/whitelist entries may contain internal IPs — review before sharing externally.
  8. Schedule periodic runs for ongoing disaster-recovery coverage.
  9. Account topology is probed once per run. The OwnerUid column lives only on member-scoped sheets (CNAME / Cloud Resource / Hybrid Cloud / Protected Objects / Bindings); admin-scoped sheets (Instance / Object Groups / Templates / Defense Rules) have no such column because these resources are admin-owned by definition.
  10. For protected objects, the workbook keeps the API-native OwnerUserId column alongside the resolved OwnerUid first column; cross-checking the two helps detect inconsistencies in the upstream data. In single-UID runs the OwnerUid column is hidden by default — unhide column A to see it.
  11. Diff comparison is enabled by default — the script picks the most recent waf_config_backup_<caller_uid>_*[_lang].xlsx in the output directory as baseline (per-language matching). Console prints Diff vs <baseline> (auto/explicit) or Baseline mode: no previous backup found; the resolved baseline is also recorded in Summary Row 5. Pass --prev to pin a specific baseline, or --no-diff to skip. Routine periodic backups need no extra flags — just rerun the script.
  12. Always invoke scripts/export_waf_config_backup.py directly. Do not author or run a substitute backup script — the bundled script is the only one that satisfies the success-pattern contract (Backup complete!), the --user-agent rule, and the bilingual / diff / OwnerUid invariants required by this skill.

Command Tables

See references/related-commands.md for the full command reference.

References

| Topic | Link | |-------|------| | RAM Policies | references/ram-policies.md | | Related Commands | references/related-commands.md | | Verification Method | references/verification-method.md | | CLI Installation | references/cli-installation-guide.md | | API Overview | https://help.aliyun.com/zh/waf/web-application-firewall-3-0/developer-reference/api-waf-openapi-2021-10-01-overview | | WAF 3.0 Docs (Chinese) | https://help.aliyun.com/zh/waf/web-application-firewall-3-0/ | | WAF 3.0 Docs (International) | https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/en/waf/web-application-firewall-3-0/ |