Bun Runtime API

Bun runs TypeScript natively — no tsc compilation, no ts-node, no build step. Run any .ts file directly with bun file.ts. Use Bun's native APIs instead of Node.js equivalents — they're faster, more ergonomic, and require no additional dependencies.

Critical: In a Bun project (has bun.lock, bun.lockb, bunfig.toml, or @types/bun in devDependencies), always use Bun to run scripts (bun file.ts, not node file.ts) and prefer Bun-native APIs over Node.js equivalents. Mixing runtimes causes subtle bugs and unnecessary retries.

Verified against Bun v1.3.14 (2026-05-28).

When to Use

• Scripts for generating files, parsing data, running migrations
• File processing and transformation pipelines
• Shell scripting and automation
• Database operations with SQLite (bun:sqlite)
• Database queries via connection URL -- project has DATABASE_URL in .env or environment (PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite via Bun.sql())
• S3 storage operations -- project has AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID or uses S3-compatible storage (Bun.s3)
• Redis/Valkey caching and pub/sub -- project has REDIS_URL or VALKEY_URL (Bun.redis)
• Any scripting task in a Bun project

HTTP Server (Bun.serve)

Built-in HTTP server — replaces Express, Fastify, or http.createServer.

const server = Bun.serve({
  port: 3000,

  fetch(req: Request): Response | Promise<Response> {
    const url = new URL(req.url)

    if (url.pathname === '/api/health') {
      return Response.json({ status: 'ok' })
    }

    if (url.pathname === '/api/data' && req.method === 'POST') {
      const body = await req.json()
      return Response.json({ received: body })
    }

    return new Response('Not Found', { status: 404 })
  },

  error(error: Error): Response {
    return new Response(`Error: ${error.message}`, { status: 500 })
  },
})

console.log(`Listening on ${server.url}`)

Key methods: server.stop(), server.reload() (hot-swap handler), server.requestIP(req), server.upgrade(req) (WebSocket).

Reference: See references/http-server.md for TLS, WebSocket upgrade, streaming responses, static file serving, and full server API.

TCP / UDP Sockets

Raw sockets for non-HTTP protocols -- Bun.listen() / Bun.connect() for TCP, Bun.udpSocket() for UDP, plus the built-in WebSocket client and fetch().

const server = Bun.listen({
  hostname: '127.0.0.1',
  port: 8080,
  socket: {
    open(socket) { socket.write('welcome\n') },
    data(socket, data) { /* Buffer */ },
  },
})

Reference: See references/networking.md for TCP/UDP handlers, Unix sockets, the WebSocket client (ws+unix://), and fetch() transport options (HTTP/2, HTTP/3, proxies, system CA).

File I/O

Reading Files

// Create a BunFile reference (lazy, no read yet)
const file = Bun.file('path/to/file.txt')

// Read contents
const text = await file.text()           // string
const json = await file.json()           // parsed JSON
const bytes = await file.arrayBuffer()   // ArrayBuffer
const stream = file.stream()             // ReadableStream
const blob = await file.blob()           // Blob

// File metadata
file.size                                // Size in bytes
file.type                                // MIME type (auto-detected)
file.name                                // File path
await file.exists()                      // Boolean

// Read from URL
const remote = Bun.file('https://example.com/data.json')

Writing Files

// Write string
await Bun.write('output.txt', 'content')

// Write from BunFile (efficient copy)
await Bun.write('copy.txt', Bun.file('original.txt'))

// Write JSON
await Bun.write('data.json', JSON.stringify(data, null, 2))

// Write Uint8Array / ArrayBuffer
await Bun.write('binary.dat', new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]))

// Write Response body
await Bun.write('page.html', await fetch('https://example.com'))

// Write to stdout
await Bun.write(Bun.stdout, 'Hello\n')

Stdio

Bun.stdin    // BunFile for stdin
Bun.stdout   // BunFile for stdout
Bun.stderr   // BunFile for stderr

// Read all of stdin
const input = await Bun.stdin.text()

// Stream stdin line by line
for await (const chunk of Bun.stdin.stream()) {
  // process chunk (Uint8Array)
}

Common Patterns

// JSON transform
const data = await Bun.file('input.json').json()
data.version = '2.0.0'
await Bun.write('output.json', JSON.stringify(data, null, 2))

// File generation from template
const template = await Bun.file('template.html').text()
const output = template.replace('{{title}}', 'My Page')
await Bun.write('index.html', output)

// Check if file exists before reading
const file = Bun.file('config.json')
if (await file.exists()) {
  const config = await file.json()
}

Reference: See references/file-io.md for BunFile interface, write overloads, streaming, MIME detection, and file watching.

Shell and Process Execution

Bun.$ (Tagged Template Shell)

The primary way to run shell commands. Returns a promise with output.

import { $ } from 'bun'

// Basic execution
const result = await $`ls -la`
console.log(result.text())          // stdout as string

// With interpolation (auto-escaped)
const dir = 'my folder'
await $`ls ${dir}`                   // Safe: "my folder" is properly quoted

// Output methods
const output = await $`echo hello`
output.text()                        // "hello\n"
output.json()                        // Parse stdout as JSON
output.lines()                       // string[] (splits on newlines)
output.bytes()                       // Uint8Array
output.blob()                        // Blob
output.exitCode                      // number
output.stderr                        // Buffer

// Piping
await $`cat file.txt | grep pattern | wc -l`

// Quiet mode (suppress stdout)
await $`npm install`.quiet()

// No-throw mode (don't throw on non-zero exit)
const result = await $`command-that-might-fail`.nothrow()
if (result.exitCode !== 0) {
  console.error('Failed:', result.stderr.toString())
}

// Combined
await $`risky-command`.quiet().nothrow()

// Environment variables
await $`echo $HOME`.env({ HOME: '/custom' })

// Working directory
await $`ls`.cwd('/tmp')

// Redirect to file
await $`echo hello > output.txt`
await $`cat < input.txt`

// Pipe between commands
const input = Buffer.from('hello')
await $`cat`.stdin(input)

Bun.spawn (Lower-Level)

For more control over process execution.

const proc = Bun.spawn(['command', 'arg1', 'arg2'], {
  cwd: '/path',
  env: { ...process.env, CUSTOM: 'value' },
  stdin: 'pipe',          // 'pipe' | 'inherit' | 'ignore' | BunFile | Blob | Response
  stdout: 'pipe',         // 'pipe' | 'inherit' | 'ignore' | BunFile
  stderr: 'pipe',         // 'pipe' | 'inherit' | 'ignore' | BunFile
  onExit(proc, exitCode, signalCode, error) {
    // Called when process exits
  },
})

// Write to stdin
proc.stdin.write('input data')
proc.stdin.end()

// Read stdout
const output = await new Response(proc.stdout).text()

// Wait for completion
await proc.exited                    // Promise<number> (exit code)

// Kill
proc.kill()                          // SIGTERM
proc.kill('SIGKILL')                 // Specific signal

Bun.spawnSync (Synchronous)

const result = Bun.spawnSync(['command', 'arg1'], {
  cwd: '/path',
  env: { ...process.env },
})

result.exitCode     // number
result.stdout       // Buffer
result.stderr       // Buffer
result.success      // boolean

Reference: See references/shell-and-process.md for complete $ API, spawn options, IPC, and signal handling.

Glob Pattern Matching

const glob = new Bun.Glob('**/*.ts')

// Async iteration
for await (const path of glob.scan({ cwd: './src', onlyFiles: true })) {
  console.log(path)
}

// Sync iteration
for (const path of glob.scanSync('./src')) {
  console.log(path)
}

// Test if a path matches
glob.match('src/index.ts')       // true
glob.match('README.md')          // false

// Scan options
glob.scan({
  cwd: './src',                  // Directory to scan (default: '.')
  dot: false,                    // Include dotfiles (default: false)
  onlyFiles: true,               // Skip directories (default: true)
  absolute: false,               // Return absolute paths (default: false)
  followSymlinks: false,         // Follow symlinks (default: false)
})

Environment and Arguments

Bun.env.NODE_ENV                 // Environment variable (same as process.env)
Bun.env.DATABASE_URL             // Typed access

Bun.argv                         // string[] — [bunPath, scriptPath, ...args]
// Equivalent: process.argv

Bun.main                         // Absolute path to the entry point script

import.meta.dir                  // Directory of current file
import.meta.file                 // Filename of current file
import.meta.path                 // Full path of current file
import.meta.dirname              // Same as import.meta.dir (Node.js compat)
import.meta.filename             // Same as import.meta.path (Node.js compat)

SQL Client (Bun.sql) -- PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite

Built-in SQL client for querying databases via connection URL. Zero dependencies, tagged template literals, automatic prepared statements, connection pooling. Use when the project has DATABASE_URL in .env or environment.

import { sql, SQL } from "bun"

// Default instance -- auto-connects using DATABASE_URL from environment
const users = await sql`SELECT * FROM users WHERE active = ${true} LIMIT ${10}`

// Explicit connection
const db = new SQL("postgres://user:pass@localhost:5432/mydb")
const results = await db`SELECT * FROM users`

// MySQL
const mysql = new SQL("mysql://user:pass@localhost:3306/mydb")

Insert / Update with Object Helpers

const user = { name: "Alice", email: "alice@example.com" }

// Insert -- expands object to (column1, column2) VALUES (val1, val2)
const [newUser] = await sql`INSERT INTO users ${sql(user)} RETURNING *`

// Bulk insert
await sql`INSERT INTO users ${sql([user1, user2, user3])}`

// Update -- expands to SET column1 = val1, column2 = val2
await sql`UPDATE users SET ${sql(updates)} WHERE id = ${userId}`

Transactions

await sql.begin(async (tx) => {
  const [user] = await tx`INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES (${"Alice"}) RETURNING *`
  await tx`INSERT INTO audit_log (action, user_id) VALUES ('created', ${user.id})`
})
// Auto-committed on success, rolled back on error

Reference: See references/sql-client.md for connection options, pool management, savepoints, MySQL specifics, and prepared statement configuration.

S3 Client (Bun.s3)

Built-in S3 client with Web standard Blob API. Zero dependencies, works with any S3-compatible service (AWS S3, Cloudflare R2, MinIO, etc.). Use when the project has AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID or S3-compatible credentials in environment.

import { s3, write } from "bun"

// Reads credentials from AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY, etc.
const file = s3.file("data.json")              // Lazy reference, no network yet

// Read from S3
const data = await file.json()                  // Download and parse JSON
const text = await file.text()                  // Download as string
const stream = file.stream()                    // ReadableStream

// Upload to S3
await write(s3.file("output.json"), JSON.stringify(data))

// Presigned URLs (synchronous, no network request)
const url = s3.presign("report.pdf", {
  expiresIn: 3600,                              // 1 hour
  method: "PUT",                                // For uploads
  acl: "public-read",
})

// Delete
await file.delete()

Reference: See references/s3-client.md for custom S3Client, presign options, multipart upload, and serving from Bun.serve.

Redis Client (Bun.redis)

Built-in Redis/Valkey client with zero dependencies. Use when the project has REDIS_URL or VALKEY_URL in environment.

import { redis, RedisClient } from "bun"

// Default client -- reads REDIS_URL from environment
await redis.set("key", "value")
const value = await redis.get("key")            // "value" | null

// With expiration
await redis.set("session", "data", "EX", 3600)

// Counter operations
await redis.incr("counter")
await redis.incrby("counter", 5)

// Hash operations
await redis.hset("user:1", "name", "Alice", "email", "alice@example.com")
await redis.hget("user:1", "name")              // "Alice"

// Custom client
const client = new RedisClient("redis://user:pass@host:6379")

Reference: See references/redis-client.md for all commands (strings, hashes, lists, sets, sorted sets), pub/sub, pipelines, and common patterns.

Archive (Bun.Archive)

Create and extract tarballs with optional gzip compression.

// Create archive
const archive = new Bun.Archive({
  "hello.txt": "Hello, World!",
  "config.json": JSON.stringify({ key: "value" }),
})
await Bun.write("archive.tar", archive)

// With gzip compression
const compressed = new Bun.Archive(
  { "hello.txt": "Hello, World!" },
  { compress: "gzip", level: 9 }
)
await Bun.write("archive.tar.gz", compressed)

// Extract (auto-detects gzip)
const tarball = await Bun.file("archive.tar.gz").bytes()
const extracted = new Bun.Archive(tarball)

JSONC (JSON with Comments)

Parse JSON with comments and trailing commas -- replaces jsonc-parser or json5 packages.

import { JSONC } from "bun"

const config = JSONC.parse(`{
  // Database config
  "host": "localhost",
  "port": 5432,  // default port
}`)

Bun automatically uses JSONC parsing for tsconfig.json, jsconfig.json, package.json, and bun.lock. .jsonc files can be imported directly: import config from "./config.jsonc".

Additional Parsing and Utilities (v1.3+)

import { JSON5, JSONL, markdown, cron } from "bun"

// JSON5 -- superset of JSON (comments, unquoted keys, trailing commas)
const config = JSON5.parse(`{ unquoted: 'value', /* comment */ }`)

// JSONL -- newline-delimited JSON
const records = JSONL.parse('{"a":1}\n{"a":2}\n')

// Markdown -- built-in CommonMark parser (replaces marked, remark, etc.)
const html = markdown.html("# Title\n\n**Bold** text.")
const ansi = markdown.ansi("# Title")        // ANSI terminal output (v1.3.12+)

// Cron -- in-process scheduler + expression parser
const job = cron("0 9 * * 1-5", runReport)   // scheduler (v1.3.12+)
const next = cron.parse("0 9 * * 1-5")       // next run as ISO string

// ANSI-aware string utilities (replace wrap-ansi, slice-ansi npm packages)
const coloredText = "\x1b[31mHello, World!\x1b[0m"
Bun.wrapAnsi(coloredText, 80)              // Wrap to column width
Bun.sliceAnsi(coloredText, 0, 5)           // Grapheme-aware slice

Reference: See references/utilities.md for full details on all parsing and utility APIs.

---

SQLite (bun:sqlite)

Built-in SQLite3 with zero dependencies. For embedded/local databases -- file-based or in-memory.

import { Database } from 'bun:sqlite'

// Open database
const db = new Database('mydb.sqlite')
const db = new Database(':memory:')      // In-memory

// Enable WAL mode (recommended)
db.exec('PRAGMA journal_mode = WAL')

// Execute statements
db.exec('CREATE TABLE users (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT, email TEXT)')

// Prepared statements
const insert = db.prepare('INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES (?, ?)')
insert.run('Alice', 'alice@example.com')

// Query
const select = db.prepare('SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = ?')
const user = select.get('Alice')         // Single row or null
const users = select.all('Alice')        // All matching rows

// Named parameters
const stmt = db.prepare('SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = $name')
stmt.get({ $name: 'Alice' })

// Transactions
const insertMany = db.transaction((users) => {
  for (const user of users) {
    insert.run(user.name, user.email)
  }
})
insertMany([
  { name: 'Bob', email: 'bob@example.com' },
  { name: 'Carol', email: 'carol@example.com' },
])

// Close
db.close()

Reference: See references/sqlite-and-data.md for Database constructor, Statement API, transactions, and column types.

Hashing and Passwords

// Non-cryptographic (fast, for hash tables/checksums)
Bun.hash('input')                        // number (wyhash, fastest)
Bun.hash.crc32('input')                  // CRC32

// Cryptographic
new Bun.CryptoHasher('sha256').update('data').digest('hex')

// Password hashing (async, bcrypt by default)
const hash = await Bun.password.hash('password')
const hash = await Bun.password.hash('password', { algorithm: 'argon2id' })
const valid = await Bun.password.verify('password', hash)

Reference: See references/hashing.md for all hash algorithms, CryptoHasher streaming API, and password hashing options (bcrypt vs argon2id, cost parameters).

Compression

// Gzip
const compressed = Bun.gzipSync(data)         // Uint8Array → Uint8Array
const decompressed = Bun.gunzipSync(compressed)

// Deflate
const compressed = Bun.deflateSync(data)
const decompressed = Bun.inflateSync(compressed)

// Zstandard (zstd)
const compressed = Bun.zstdCompressSync(data)
const decompressed = Bun.zstdDecompressSync(compressed)

// With options
Bun.gzipSync(data, { level: 9, memLevel: 9 })
Bun.deflateSync(data, { level: 6 })
Bun.zstdCompressSync(data, { level: 3 })

All compression functions accept Uint8Array | string | ArrayBuffer and return Uint8Array.

Utilities

// Which (find binary in PATH)
Bun.which('node')                        // '/usr/local/bin/node' or null
Bun.which('bun', { PATH: '/custom/bin' })

// Inspect (like console.log formatting)
Bun.inspect(obj)                         // string
Bun.inspect(obj, { depth: 4, colors: true })

// Module resolution
Bun.resolveSync('./module', '/from/dir')  // Resolved absolute path

// Deep equality
Bun.deepEquals(a, b)                     // boolean (structural equality)
Bun.deepEquals(a, b, true)              // Strict (differentiates 0 and -0)

// Sleep
await Bun.sleep(1000)                    // ms
await Bun.sleep(Bun.nanoseconds() + 1e9) // Until timestamp

// Timing
Bun.nanoseconds()                        // High-resolution timer (bigint)

// UUID
Bun.randomUUIDv7()                       // Time-ordered UUID v7

// String width (for terminal column alignment)
Bun.stringWidth('hello')                 // 5
Bun.stringWidth('你好')                  // 4 (CJK double-width)

// Peek at a promise without awaiting
const value = Bun.peek(promise)          // Returns value if resolved, promise if pending

// Color detection
Bun.color('red', 'css')                  // 'rgb(255, 0, 0)'
Bun.color('#ff0000', 'ansi')             // ANSI escape code
Bun.color('hsl(0, 100%, 50%)', 'number') // 0xff0000

Reference: See references/utilities.md for complete utility function signatures and examples.

Semver (Bun.semver)

Built-in semver operations — replaces the semver npm package.

// Check if a version satisfies a range
Bun.semver.satisfies('1.2.3', '^1.0.0')     // true
Bun.semver.satisfies('2.0.0', '>=1.0 <2.0') // false
Bun.semver.satisfies('1.0.0-beta', '*')      // false (pre-release excluded by default)

// Sort versions (returns -1, 0, or 1)
Bun.semver.order('1.0.0', '2.0.0')          // -1 (a < b)
Bun.semver.order('2.0.0', '1.0.0')          // 1  (a > b)
Bun.semver.order('1.0.0', '1.0.0')          // 0  (equal)

// Sort an array of versions
const versions = ['3.0.0', '1.2.0', '2.1.0']
versions.sort(Bun.semver.order)              // ['1.2.0', '2.1.0', '3.0.0']

Serialization (bun:jsc)

Binary structured clone for efficient serialization.

import { serialize, deserialize } from 'bun:jsc'

const data = { key: 'value', nested: [1, 2, 3] }
const bytes = serialize(data)              // Uint8Array
const restored = deserialize(bytes)        // Original structure

Faster than JSON.stringify/JSON.parse for complex objects. Supports types JSON doesn't: Date, RegExp, Map, Set, ArrayBuffer, etc.

Image Processing (Bun.Image)

Built-in image decode/transform/encode (v1.3.14+) — replaces sharp and jimp. Supports JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, BMP, HEIC, AVIF, TIFF.

const thumb = await Bun.file('upload.jpg')
  .image()
  .resize(400, 400, { fit: 'cover' })
  .webp({ quality: 82 })
  .bytes()

const { width, height, format } = await new Bun.Image(buffer).metadata()
const blur = await Bun.file('hero.jpg').image().placeholder()  // thumbhash data URL

Reference: See references/image.md for transforms, output formats, and metadata.

Browser Automation (Bun.WebView)

Headless browser automation (v1.3.12+) — navigate, click, type, run JS, and screenshot without Playwright or Puppeteer (WebKit on macOS, Chrome backend elsewhere).

await using view = new Bun.WebView({ width: 1280, height: 720 })
await view.navigate('https://bun.sh')
const title = await view.evaluate('document.title')
await Bun.write('page.png', await view.screenshot())

Reference: See references/webview.md for the full method list and CDP access.

Script Patterns

CLI Script Template

#!/usr/bin/env bun

const args = Bun.argv.slice(2)
const command = args[0]

switch (command) {
  case 'generate':
    await generate(args.slice(1))
    break
  case 'process':
    await process(args.slice(1))
    break
  default:
    console.log('Usage: script <generate|process> [args]')
    process.exit(1)
}

File Generator

const glob = new Bun.Glob('**/*.schema.json')

for await (const path of glob.scan('./schemas')) {
  const schema = await Bun.file(`./schemas/${path}`).json()
  const code = generateTypeScript(schema)
  const outPath = path.replace('.schema.json', '.ts')
  await Bun.write(`./generated/${outPath}`, code)
}

Data Pipeline

import { $ } from 'bun'
import { Database } from 'bun:sqlite'

// Fetch data
const data = await $`curl -s https://api.example.com/data`.json()

// Process and store
const db = new Database('output.sqlite')
db.exec('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS items (id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT)')

const insert = db.prepare('INSERT OR REPLACE INTO items (id, value) VALUES (?, ?)')
const batch = db.transaction((items) => {
  for (const item of items) {
    insert.run(item.id, JSON.stringify(item))
  }
})

batch(data.items)
db.close()

Best Practices

1. Prefer Bun.file() + Bun.write() over fs.readFile/fs.writeFile
2. Use Bun.$ for shell commands instead of child_process
3. Use Bun.sql() for PostgreSQL/MySQL when DATABASE_URL is available -- zero-dependency, connection pooling, tagged templates
4. Use bun:sqlite for embedded/local SQLite databases instead of external packages
5. Use Bun.Glob instead of glob npm package
6. Use Bun.CryptoHasher instead of crypto.createHash
7. Use Bun.password instead of bcrypt/argon2 npm packages
8. Use Bun.gzipSync/Bun.zstdCompressSync instead of zlib
9. Use Bun.env for environment variables (same as process.env but typed)
10. Use import.meta.dir instead of __dirname (or import.meta.dirname for Node compat)
11. Use Bun.which() instead of which npm package
12. Use Bun.s3 instead of @aws-sdk/client-s3 for S3 operations
13. Use Bun.redis instead of ioredis or redis npm packages
14. Use Bun.Archive instead of tar or archiver npm packages for tarballs
15. Use JSONC.parse() instead of jsonc-parser package
16. Use JSON5.parse() instead of json5 package
17. Use JSONL.parse() instead of manual newline splitting for JSON Lines
18. Use markdown.html()/markdown.ansi() instead of marked, remark, or markdown-it packages
19. Use Bun.wrapAnsi() instead of wrap-ansi npm package
20. Use Bun.sliceAnsi() instead of slice-ansi npm package
21. Use Bun.Image instead of sharp or jimp for image processing