Component Patterns

BUTTON HIERARCHY (one primary per screen/section):

| Level | Style | Use Case | Code | |------------|----------------------|-----------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------| | Primary | .borderedProminent | Main action (Save, Submit, Start) | .buttonStyle(.borderedProminent).controlSize(.large)| | Secondary | .bordered | Alternative action (Cancel, Edit) | .buttonStyle(.bordered) | | Tertiary | .borderless | Low-emphasis (Skip, Learn More) | .buttonStyle(.borderless) | | Destructive| .borderedProminent | Delete, Remove | .buttonStyle(.borderedProminent).tint(.red) |

ONE .borderedProminent per screen/section — multiple primaries confuse the user.
Full-width primary: .controlSize(.large).frame(maxWidth: .infinity).
ALWAYS use Button() — never .onTapGesture for actions.
Disabled buttons: .disabled(condition) — SwiftUI auto-handles opacity.

CARD DESIGN PATTERN:

VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: AppTheme.Spacing.xSmall) {
    HStack {
        Image(systemName: "icon.name")
            .font(AppTheme.Fonts.title3)
            .foregroundStyle(AppTheme.Colors.primary)
        Spacer()
        Text("metadata")
            .font(AppTheme.Fonts.caption)
            .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
    }
    Text("Title")
        .font(AppTheme.Fonts.headline)
    Text("Description text goes here")
        .font(AppTheme.Fonts.subheadline)
        .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
}
.padding(AppTheme.Spacing.medium)
.background(AppTheme.Colors.surface)
.clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: AppTheme.Style.cornerRadius))
.shadow(color: .black.opacity(0.06), radius: 8, y: 4)

INPUT FIELD STATES:

Normal: TextField with .textFieldStyle(.roundedBorder).
Focused: @FocusState with visual highlight (border color change or underline).
Error: red border + error message below field.

TextField("Email", text: $email)
    .textFieldStyle(.roundedBorder)
    .overlay(
        RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 8)
            .stroke(emailError != nil ? .red : .clear, lineWidth: 1)
    )
if let error = emailError {
    Text(error)
        .font(AppTheme.Fonts.caption)
        .foregroundStyle(AppTheme.Colors.error)
}

Disabled: .disabled(true) — auto grays out.
Form grouping: use Form or GroupBox for related fields.

LOADING STATES:

| Pattern | Use Case | Code | |-------------------|-----------------------------------|-----------------------------------------| | Inline spinner | Button action, single item | ProgressView().controlSize(.small) | | Full-screen | Initial data load | ProgressView("Loading...") | | Pull-to-refresh | List refresh | .refreshable { await refresh() } | | Skeleton | Content placeholder | .redacted(reason: .placeholder) | | Overlay | Blocking operation | .overlay { if loading { ProgressView() } } |

Disable the triggering button while loading to prevent double-taps.
Show loading for operations > 300ms. Instant operations need no indicator.

BADGE/CHIP PATTERN:

Text("Label")
    .font(AppTheme.Fonts.caption)
    .fontWeight(.medium)
    .padding(.horizontal, 8)
    .padding(.vertical, 4)
    .background(AppTheme.Colors.primary.opacity(0.15))
    .foregroundStyle(AppTheme.Colors.primary)
    .clipShape(Capsule())

TOGGLE/SWITCH:

Use Toggle for binary settings with immediate effect.
Label must clearly describe the ON state.
Group related toggles in a Section with a header.

PICKER PATTERNS:

2-4 options: Picker with .segmentedStyle.
5+ options: Picker with default menu style or NavigationLink to selection list.
Date selection: DatePicker with appropriate displayedComponents.

EMPTY STATES:

Always use ContentUnavailableView for empty lists/collections.
Include: icon (SF Symbol), title, description, and action button if applicable.
Never show a blank screen — empty state guides the user to the first action.

DIVIDERS:

Use sparingly — prefer spacing to create visual separation.
In lists: SwiftUI List provides dividers automatically.
Custom dividers: Divider() with .padding(.horizontal) for inset style.

"components"

Component Patterns