create-slash-commands

<objective> Create effective slash commands for Claude Code that enable users to trigger reusable prompts with `/command-name` syntax. Slash commands expand as prompts in the current conversation, allowing teams to standardize workflows and operations.

Commands can be global (available everywhere in ~/.claude/commands/) or project-specific (shared with team in .claude/commands/). This skill teaches you to structure commands with proper formatting (XML or Markdown), YAML frontmatter, dynamic context loading, and intelligent argument handling.

CRITICAL WORKFLOW: This skill enforces a mandatory research phase where you MUST:

1. Read all reference documentation
2. Examine existing slash commands for patterns
3. Understand syntax and best practices
4. Only then create the command

This prevents poorly-structured commands and ensures consistency with established patterns. </objective>

<quick_start>

<workflow> 1. Create `.claude/commands/` directory (project) or use `~/.claude/commands/` (personal) 2. Create `command-name.md` file 3. Add YAML frontmatter (at minimum: `description`) 4. Write command prompt 5. Test with `/command-name [args]` </workflow> <example> **File**: `.claude/commands/optimize.md`

---
description: Analyze this code for performance issues and suggest optimizations
---

Analyze the performance of this code and suggest three specific optimizations:

Usage: /optimize

Claude receives the expanded prompt and analyzes the code in context. </example> </quick_start>

<xml_structure> Slash commands can use either XML tags OR Markdown headings in the body (after YAML frontmatter).

Format choice depends on:

• User preference (ask if not specified)
• Command complexity (XML better for complex, Markdown fine for simple)
• Existing project patterns (match what's already in use)

See references/prompt-examples.md for real examples of both formats in production.

<required_tags>

<objective> - What the command does and why it matters

<objective>
What needs to happen and why this matters.
Context about who uses this and what it accomplishes.
</objective>

<process> or <steps> - How to execute the command

<process>
Sequential steps to accomplish the objective:
1. First step
2. Second step
3. Final step
</process>

<success_criteria> - How to know the command succeeded

<success_criteria>
Clear, measurable criteria for successful completion.
</success_criteria>

</required_tags>

<conditional_tags>

<context> - When loading dynamic state or files

<context>
Current state: ! `git status`
Relevant files: @ package.json
</context>

(Note: Remove the space after @ in actual usage)

<verification> - When producing artifacts that need checking

<verification>
Before completing, verify:
- Specific test or check to perform
- How to confirm it works
</verification>

<testing> - When running tests is part of the workflow

<testing>
Run tests: ! `npm test`
Check linting: ! `bun run lint`
</testing>

<output> - When creating/modifying specific files

<output>
Files created/modified:
- `./path/to/file.ext` - Description
</output>

</conditional_tags>

<structure_example>

---
name: example-command
description: Does something useful
argument-hint: [input]
---

<objective>
Process #$ARGUMENTS to accomplish [goal].

This helps [who] achieve [outcome].
</objective>

<context>
Current state: ! `relevant command`
Files: @ relevant/files
</context>

<process>
1. Parse #$ARGUMENTS
2. Execute operation
3. Verify results
</process>

<success_criteria>

- Operation completed without errors
- Output matches expected format
  </success_criteria>

</structure_example>

<intelligence_rules>

Simple commands (single operation, no artifacts):

• Required: <objective>, <process>, <success_criteria>
• Example: /check-todos, /first-principles

Complex commands (multi-step, produces artifacts):

• Required: <objective>, <process>, <success_criteria>
• Add: <context> (if loading state), <verification> (if creating files), <output> (what gets created)
• Example: /commit, /create-prompt, /run-prompt

Commands with dynamic arguments:

• Use #$ARGUMENTS in <objective> or <process> tags
• Include argument-hint in frontmatter
• Make it clear what the arguments are for

Commands that produce files:

• Always include <output> tag specifying what gets created
• Always include <verification> tag with checks to perform

Commands that run tests/builds:

• Include <testing> tag with specific commands
• Include pass/fail criteria in <success_criteria> </intelligence_rules> </xml_structure>

<arguments_intelligence> The skill should intelligently determine whether a slash command needs arguments.

<commands_that_need_arguments>

User provides specific input:

• /fix-issue [issue-number] - Needs issue number
• /review-pr [pr-number] - Needs PR number
• /optimize [file-path] - Needs file to optimize
• /commit [type] - Needs commit type (optional)

Pattern: Task operates on user-specified data

Include argument-hint: [description] in frontmatter and reference #$ARGUMENTS in the body. </commands_that_need_arguments>

<commands_without_arguments>

Self-contained procedures:

• /check-todos - Operates on known file (TO-DOS.md)
• /first-principles - Operates on current conversation
• /whats-next - Analyzes current context

Pattern: Task operates on implicit context (current conversation, known files, project state)

Omit argument-hint and don't reference #$ARGUMENTS. </commands_without_arguments>

<incorporating_arguments>

In <objective> tag:

<objective>
Fix issue #$ARGUMENTS following project conventions.

This ensures bugs are resolved systematically with proper testing.
</objective>

In <process> tag:

<process>
1. Understand issue #$ARGUMENTS from issue tracker
2. Locate relevant code
3. Implement fix
4. Add tests
</process>

In <context> tag:

<context>
Issue details: @ issues/#$ARGUMENTS.md
Related files: ! `grep -r "TODO.*#$ARGUMENTS" src/`
</context>

(Note: Remove the space after the exclamation mark in actual usage) </incorporating_arguments>

<positional_arguments>

For structured input, use $1, $2, $3:

---
argument-hint: <pr-number> <priority> <assignee>
---

<objective>
Review PR #$1 with priority $2 and assign to $3.
</objective>

Usage: /review-pr 456 high alice </positional_arguments> </arguments_intelligence>

<file_structure>

Project commands: .claude/commands/ (in project root)

• Shared with team via version control
• Project-specific workflows
• Shows (project) in /help list
• Committed to git for team use

Global commands: ~/.claude/commands/ (user home directory)

• Available across all your projects
• Personal productivity commands
• Shows (user) in /help list
• Not shared with team

File naming: command-name.md → invoked as /command-name

Choosing between global and project:

• Use global for: Personal workflows, general utilities, commands you use everywhere
• Use project for: Team workflows, project-specific operations, shared conventions </file_structure>

<yaml_frontmatter>

<field name="description"> **Required** - Describes what the command does

description: Analyze this code for performance issues and suggest optimizations

Shown in the /help command list. </field>

<field name="allowed-tools"> **Optional** - Restricts which tools Claude can use

allowed-tools: Bash(git add:*), Bash(git status:*), Bash(git commit:*)

Formats:

• Array: allowed-tools: [Read, Edit, Write]
• Single tool: allowed-tools: SequentialThinking
• Bash restrictions: allowed-tools: Bash(git add:*)

If omitted: All tools available </field> </yaml_frontmatter>

<arguments> <all_arguments_string>

Command file: .claude/commands/fix-issue.md

---
description: Fix issue following coding standards
---

Fix issue #$ARGUMENTS following our coding standards

Usage: /fix-issue 123 high-priority

Claude receives: "Fix issue #123 high-priority following our coding standards" </all_arguments_string>

<positional_arguments_syntax>

Command file: .claude/commands/review-pr.md

---
description: Review PR with priority and assignee
---

Review PR #$1 with priority $2 and assign to $3

Usage: /review-pr 456 high alice

Claude receives: "Review PR #456 with priority high and assign to alice"

See references/arguments.md for advanced patterns. </positional_arguments_syntax> </arguments>

<dynamic_context>

Execute bash commands before the prompt using the exclamation mark prefix directly before backticks (no space between).

Note: Examples below show a space after the exclamation mark to prevent execution during skill loading. In actual slash commands, remove the space.

Example:

---
description: Create a git commit
allowed-tools: Bash(git add:*), Bash(git status:*), Bash(git commit:*)
---

## Context

- Current git status: ! `git status`
- Current git diff: ! `git diff HEAD`
- Current branch: ! `git branch --show-current`
- Recent commits: ! `git log --oneline -10`

## Your task

Based on the above changes, create a single git commit.

The bash commands execute and their output is included in the expanded prompt. </dynamic_context>

<file_references>

Use @ prefix to reference specific files:

---
description: Review implementation
---

Review the implementation in @ src/utils/helpers.js

(Note: Remove the space after @ in actual usage)

Claude can access the referenced file's contents. </file_references>

<best_practices>

1. Always use XML structure

# All slash commands should have XML-structured bodies

After frontmatter, use XML tags:

• <objective> - What and why (always)
• <process> - How to do it (always)
• <success_criteria> - Definition of done (always)
• Additional tags as needed (see xml_structure section)

2. Clear descriptions

# Good
description: Analyze this code for performance issues and suggest optimizations

# Bad
description: Optimize stuff

3. Use dynamic context for state-dependent tasks

Current git status: ! `git status`
Files changed: ! `git diff --name-only`

4. Restrict tools when appropriate

# For git commands - prevent running arbitrary bash
allowed-tools: Bash(git add:*), Bash(git status:*), Bash(git commit:*)

# For analysis - thinking only
allowed-tools: SequentialThinking

5. Use #$ARGUMENTS for flexibility

Find and fix issue #$ARGUMENTS

6. Reference relevant files

Review @ package.json for dependencies
Analyze @ src/database/\* for schema

(Note: Remove the space after @ in actual usage) </best_practices>

<common_patterns>

Simple analysis command:

---
description: Review this code for security vulnerabilities
---

<objective>
Review code for security vulnerabilities and suggest fixes.
</objective>

<process>
1. Scan code for common vulnerabilities (XSS, SQL injection, etc.)
2. Identify specific issues with line numbers
3. Suggest remediation for each issue
</process>

<success_criteria>

- All major vulnerability types checked
- Specific issues identified with locations
- Actionable fixes provided
  </success_criteria>

Git workflow with context:

---
description: Create a git commit
allowed-tools: Bash(git add:*), Bash(git status:*), Bash(git commit:*)
---

<objective>
Create a git commit for current changes following repository conventions.
</objective>

<context>
- Current status: ! `git status`
- Changes: ! `git diff HEAD`
- Recent commits: ! `git log --oneline -5`
</context>

<process>
1. Review staged and unstaged changes
2. Stage relevant files
3. Write commit message following recent commit style
4. Create commit
</process>

<success_criteria>

- All relevant changes staged
- Commit message follows repository conventions
- Commit created successfully
  </success_criteria>

Parameterized command:

---
description: Fix issue following coding standards
argument-hint: [issue-number]
---

<objective>
Fix issue #$ARGUMENTS following project coding standards.

This ensures bugs are resolved systematically with proper testing.
</objective>

<process>
1. Understand the issue described in ticket #$ARGUMENTS
2. Locate the relevant code in codebase
3. Implement a solution that addresses root cause
4. Add appropriate tests
5. Verify fix resolves the issue
</process>

<success_criteria>

- Issue fully understood and addressed
- Solution follows coding standards
- Tests added and passing
- No regressions introduced
  </success_criteria>

File-specific command:

---
description: Optimize code performance
argument-hint: [file-path]
---

<objective>
Analyze performance of @ #$ARGUMENTS and suggest specific optimizations.

This helps improve application performance through targeted improvements.
</objective>

<process>
1. Review code in @ #$ARGUMENTS for performance issues
2. Identify bottlenecks and inefficiencies
3. Suggest three specific optimizations with rationale
4. Estimate performance impact of each
</process>

<success_criteria>

- Performance issues clearly identified
- Three concrete optimizations suggested
- Implementation guidance provided
- Performance impact estimated
  </success_criteria>

Usage: /optimize src/utils/helpers.js

See references/patterns.md for more examples. </common_patterns>

<reference_guides>

Slash command specific references:

• arguments.md - #$ARGUMENTS, positional args, parsing strategies
• patterns.md - Git workflows, code analysis, file operations, subagent patterns
• tool-restrictions.md - Bash patterns, security best practices
• prompt-examples.md - Real-world command examples by pattern

Prompt engineering references from create-prompt skill:

• clarity-principles.md - Being clear and direct
• xml-structure.md - XML tag usage
• few-shot-patterns.md - Example-based prompting
• reasoning-techniques.md - Chain of thought, step-by-step
• system-prompt-patterns.md - System prompt templates
• anthropic-best-practices.md - Claude-specific techniques
• context-management.md - Context windows, long-horizon reasoning
• anti-patterns.md - Common mistakes to avoid </reference_guides>

<generation_protocol>

<step_0_mandatory_research> CRITICAL: Complete this research phase BEFORE proceeding to any other steps.

You MUST read and understand these materials before creating any slash command:

1. Read ALL reference files in order:

Use the Read tool to read these files:

• references/prompt-examples.md - Real-world patterns and examples
• references/patterns.md - Verified command patterns
• references/arguments.md - Argument handling examples
• references/tool-restrictions.md - Tool restriction patterns

2. Examine existing slash commands:

Use Bash to find and Read existing commands:

find ~/.claude/commands -name "*.md" -type f | head -10

Then Read 2-3 relevant existing commands to understand:

• How they structure their YAML frontmatter
• What format they use (XML vs Markdown)
• How they handle arguments (#$ARGUMENTS vs positional)
• What tool restrictions they apply
• How they structure their workflow sections

3. Identify the right pattern:

Based on the user's request, match it to one of these patterns from prompt-examples.md:

• Pattern 1: Numbered workflow (git ops, CI, EPCT) - for multi-step processes
• Pattern 2: Reference/docs (CLI wrappers) - for command documentation
• Pattern 3: Section-based analysis (research, investigation) - for analysis tasks
• Subagent patterns: For commands that launch Task tool agents
• Hybrid patterns: Combining multiple approaches

4. Check for similar existing commands:

Before creating a new command, check if a similar command already exists:

grep -l "description.*<similar-concept>" ~/.claude/commands/*.md

If a similar command exists, read it to:

• Avoid duplication
• Learn from its structure
• Understand how to differentiate the new command

VERIFICATION CHECKLIST:

Before proceeding to step 1, confirm you have:

• ✅ Read all 4 reference files
• ✅ Examined at least 2 existing slash commands
• ✅ Identified which pattern to use
• ✅ Checked for similar existing commands
• ✅ Understand the correct syntax (#$ARGUMENTS, tool restrictions, etc.)

DO NOT PROCEED until all items are checked. This research phase is non-negotiable and prevents creating poorly structured commands.

</step_0_mandatory_research>

<step_1_analyze_request> Analyze the user's request to understand what they want:

• What is the command's purpose?
• Does it need user input (#$ARGUMENTS)?
• Does it produce files or artifacts?
• Does it require verification or testing?
• Is it simple (single-step) or complex (multi-step)?
• What pattern does it match? (see references/prompt-examples.md)

Intelligence rule: Only proceed to questions if critical information is missing. If the request is clear, skip directly to format choice. </step_1_analyze_request>

<step_2_ask_questions_if_needed> INTELLIGENCE RULE: Only ask questions if critical information is truly missing.

If the request is clear, skip directly to scope and format questions. Most requests like "create a command to X" contain enough information to proceed.

Ask clarifying questions ONLY if essential information is missing:

Use AskUserQuestion to gather ONLY what's needed:

1. Command purpose (if completely unclear):

   • header: "Purpose"
   • question: "What should this command do?"
   • Let user provide via "Other" option

2. Arguments (if truly ambiguous - rare):

   • header: "Arguments"
   • question: "Does this command need user input?"
   • options: "Yes - takes arguments", "No - uses context only"

SKIP questions for:

• Clear purposes: "create a command to commit and push" → obvious purpose
• Obvious complexity: "simple command to..." vs "command that monitors and fixes..."
• Clear arguments: "for [file-path]" → needs args, "to analyze current code" → no args
• Standard tools: Git commands → Bash(git :*), file operations → Read/Edit/Write

Default assumptions (use unless contradicted):

• Git operations → Bash(git :*)
• Analysis tasks → No tool restrictions
• File modifications → Read, Edit, Write
• Complex multi-step → Add verification and testing sections </step_2_ask_questions_if_needed>

<step_2b_ask_scope> ALWAYS ask about scope unless explicitly specified in the request:

Use AskUserQuestion:

• header: "Scope"
• question: "Where should this command be available?"
• options:
  • "Global (all projects)" - description: "Saved to ~/.claude/commands/ - available everywhere"
  • "Project only" - description: "Saved to .claude/commands/ - shared with team via git"

Detection rules:

• If request says "global command" → Skip, use global scope
• If request says "project command" or "team command" → Skip, use project scope
• Otherwise → ALWAYS ask

Important: This determines the save location:

• Global: ~/.claude/commands/command-name.md
• Project: .claude/commands/command-name.md (in current working directory) </step_2b_ask_scope>

<step_3_choose_format> Determine format based on existing patterns:

Before asking the user, check what format existing commands in the target directory use:

• If creating global command: Check ~/.claude/commands/*.md
• If creating project command: Check .claude/commands/*.md

Read 2-3 existing commands to see if they use XML or Markdown format.

Then ask for format preference:

Use AskUserQuestion:

• header: "Format"
• question: "What format do you prefer for this slash command?"
• options:
  • First option based on what you found: If most commands use Markdown, make "Markdown (matches existing)" the first option
  • Second option: The alternative format
  • Include note about what existing commands use

Recommendation:

• Match existing commands format for consistency
• XML for complex multi-step commands
• Markdown for simple straightforward commands

See references/prompt-examples.md for format examples. </step_3_choose_format>

<step_4_create_frontmatter> Create YAML frontmatter based on gathered information:

---
name: command-name
description: Clear description of what it does
argument-hint: [input] # Only if arguments needed
allowed-tools: [...] # Only if tool restrictions needed
---

Frontmatter rules:

• description: Always required, clear and concise
• argument-hint: Include if command takes user input
• allowed-tools: Include if restricting tools for security
• model: Include only if need specific model (haiku for speed, opus for complexity) </step_4_create_frontmatter>

<step_5_create_body> Create command body in chosen format (XML or Markdown):

<xml_body> Always include:

• <objective> - What and why
• <process> - How to do it (numbered steps)
• <success_criteria> - Definition of done

Include when relevant:

• <context> - Dynamic state (! commands) or file references (@ files)
• <verification> - Checks to perform if creating artifacts
• <testing> - Test commands if tests are part of workflow
• <output> - Files created/modified

Reference: Apply prompt engineering best practices from create-prompt skill:

• clarity-principles.md - Being clear and direct
• xml-structure.md - XML tag usage
• anthropic-best-practices.md - Claude-specific techniques </xml_body>

<markdown_body> Always include:

• ## Objective - What and why
• ## Process or ## Workflow - How to do it (numbered list)
• ## Success Criteria - Definition of done

Include when relevant:

• ## Context - Dynamic state or file references
• ## Verification - Checks to perform if creating artifacts
• ## Testing - Test commands if tests are part of workflow
• ## Output - Files created/modified </markdown_body> </step_5_create_body>

<step_6_integrate_arguments> Integrate #$ARGUMENTS if command takes input:

• If user input needed: Add argument-hint and use #$ARGUMENTS in body
• If self-contained: Omit argument-hint and #$ARGUMENTS
• For structured input: Use positional args $1, $2, $3

Examples: See references/arguments.md </step_6_integrate_arguments>

<step_7_apply_intelligence> Apply appropriate complexity level:

• Simple commands: Keep concise (objective + process + success criteria)
• Complex commands: Add context, verification, testing as needed
• Don't over-engineer: Simple tasks stay simple
• Don't under-specify: Complex tasks get full structure

Pattern matching: Choose pattern from references/prompt-examples.md:

• Pattern 1: Numbered workflow (git ops, CI, EPCT)
• Pattern 2: Reference/docs (CLI wrappers)
• Pattern 3: Section-based analysis (research, investigation) </step_7_apply_intelligence>

<step_8_save_file> Save the command file based on chosen scope:

Global scope (user selected "Global (all projects)"):

• Path: ~/.claude/commands/command-name.md
• Available across all projects
• Personal commands, not shared with team

Project scope (user selected "Project only"):

• Path: .claude/commands/command-name.md (in current working directory)
• Shared with team via version control
• Project-specific commands

Verification:

• File created at correct location based on scope
• YAML frontmatter valid
• Body follows chosen format consistently
• All required sections present

After saving:

• Confirm location to user
• Remind them to commit if project scope
• Provide usage example: /command-name [args] </step_8_save_file>

</generation_protocol>

<success_criteria> A well-structured slash command meets these criteria:

YAML Frontmatter:

• description field is clear and concise
• argument-hint present if command accepts arguments
• allowed-tools specified if tool restrictions needed

XML Structure:

• All three required tags present: <objective>, <process>, <success_criteria>
• Conditional tags used appropriately based on complexity
• No raw markdown headings in body
• All XML tags properly closed

Arguments Handling:

• #$ARGUMENTS used when command operates on user-specified data
• Positional arguments ($1, $2, etc.) used when structured input needed
• No #$ARGUMENTS reference for self-contained commands

Functionality:

• Command expands correctly when invoked
• Dynamic context loads properly (bash commands, file references)
• Tool restrictions prevent unauthorized operations
• Command accomplishes intended purpose reliably

Quality:

• Clear, actionable instructions in <process> tag or ## Workflow section
• Measurable completion criteria in <success_criteria> tag or ## Success Criteria section
• Appropriate level of detail (not over-engineered for simple tasks)
• Examples provided when beneficial </success_criteria>

<common_mistakes>

Critical Anti-Patterns to Avoid

These are common mistakes that result from skipping the mandatory research phase:

❌ MISTAKE 1: Skipping the Research Phase

Wrong:

User asks to create /quick-search command
→ Immediately ask scope/format questions
→ Create command without reading references or existing commands
→ Use wrong syntax, wrong format, miss best practices

Correct:

User asks to create /quick-search command
→ Read all 4 reference files first
→ Find and examine existing commands (especially /search if it exists)
→ Understand patterns and syntax
→ Then ask questions and create command

❌ MISTAKE 2: Using Wrong Argument Syntax

Wrong:

---
description: Quick search
---

Answer the question: #args

Correct:

---
description: Quick search
argument-hint: <question>
---

User: #$ARGUMENTS

The correct syntax is #$ARGUMENTS (not #args). This is documented in references/arguments.md.

❌ MISTAKE 3: Not Checking for Similar Commands

Wrong:

• Create /quick-search without checking if /search already exists
• Result: Duplicate functionality, confusion

Correct:

• Check existing commands first: find ~/.claude/commands -name "*.md"
• If similar command exists, read it to understand how to differentiate
• Consider if the new command is really needed

❌ MISTAKE 4: Wrong Format Choice

Wrong:

• User asks for command
• Randomly choose XML or Markdown without checking existing commands
• Result: Inconsistent codebase

Correct:

• Check what format existing commands use
• Match that format for consistency
• Only deviate if user explicitly requests different format

❌ MISTAKE 5: Missing Tool Restrictions

Wrong:

---
description: Quick search with Haiku model
model: haiku
---

Correct:

---
description: Quick search with Haiku model
model: haiku
allowed-tools: [Grep, Glob, Read]
---

For speed-optimized commands, restrict tools to prevent using slow agents like Task.

❌ MISTAKE 6: Not Matching Existing Patterns

Wrong:

• Create unique structure that doesn't match any existing pattern
• Result: Hard to maintain, unfamiliar to users

Correct:

• Read prompt-examples.md to see verified patterns
• Match your command to Pattern 1, 2, 3, or hybrid
• Follow the established structure

❌ MISTAKE 7: Not Including "User: #$ARGUMENTS" at the End

Wrong:

---
description: Search command
argument-hint: <question>
---

You are a search specialist.

## Workflow

1. Search for the answer
2. Provide results

Correct:

---
description: Search command
argument-hint: <question>
---

You are a search specialist.

## Workflow

1. Search for the answer
2. Provide results

---

User: #$ARGUMENTS

Many commands end with User: #$ARGUMENTS to properly pass the user's input to the command.

❌ MISTAKE 8: Over-Engineering Simple Commands

Wrong:

<objective>Create comprehensive search system</objective>
<context>Load all git state</context>
<verification>Run extensive checks</verification>
<testing>Test all edge cases</testing>

For a simple search command, this is too much.

Correct:

You are a rapid search specialist.

## Workflow

1. Search
2. Answer

User: #$ARGUMENTS

Match complexity to the task.

How to Avoid These Mistakes

Follow the Step 0 checklist religiously:

1. ✅ Read all 4 reference files
2. ✅ Examine 2-3 existing commands
3. ✅ Identify the pattern to use
4. ✅ Check for similar commands
5. ✅ Understand correct syntax

If you skip Step 0, you WILL make these mistakes.

</common_mistakes>