EnergyKit

Use grid cleanliness and cost guidance to shift or reduce managed-device load. For managed-device insights, submit the device's real load events promptly.

Beta-sensitive. Core EnergyKit ships in iOS/iPadOS 26. The iOS/iPadOS 27 ElectricalLoadDevice and Home-facing LoadEvents experience are beta; re-check current Apple documentation before relying on those APIs.

Contents

• Setup
• Core Concepts
• Querying Electricity Guidance
• Working with Guidance Values
• Energy Venues
• Submitting Load Events
• Electricity Insights
• Common Mistakes
• Review Checklist
• References

Setup

Entitlements and Version Split

| Runtime | Load-event device API | Capabilities | |---|---|---| | iOS/iPadOS 26.x | deviceID: compatibility initializer | EnergyKit | | iOS/iPadOS 27+ beta | ElectricalLoadDevice with the device: initializer | EnergyKit; add EnergyKit LoadEvents for Home app integration |

All EnergyKit use requires com.apple.developer.energykit; enable the EnergyKit capability on the app target. On iOS/iPadOS 27+, add the EnergyKit LoadEvents capability (com.apple.developer.energykit.loadevents-experience) only when the app needs device names, energy context, activity logs, historical charts, or trend notifications in the Home app. That Home experience requires both capabilities. Missing permission can surface as EnergyKitError.permissionDenied.

Import

import EnergyKit

Platform availability: Core EnergyKit APIs are iOS/iPadOS 26.0+. Some insight breakdown APIs, including grid cleanliness categories, are 26.1+ and need availability guards. Apple currently documents electricity guidance only for the contiguous United States; handle EnergyKitError.unsupportedRegion.

Core Concepts

EnergyKit provides two main capabilities:

1. Electricity Guidance -- time-weighted forecasts telling apps when electricity is cleaner and, when rate data is available, less expensive
2. Load Events -- telemetry from managed devices (EV chargers, HVAC) submitted by the same device/app that requested guidance so EnergyKit can generate insights

Key Types

| Type | Role | |---|---| | ElectricityGuidance | Forecast data with weighted time intervals | | ElectricityGuidance.Service | Interface for obtaining guidance data | | ElectricityGuidance.Query | Query specifying shift or reduce action | | ElectricityGuidance.Value | A time interval with a rating (0.0-1.0) | | EnergyVenue | A physical location (home) registered for energy management | | ElectricVehicleLoadEvent | Load event for EV charger telemetry | | ElectricHVACLoadEvent | Load event for HVAC system telemetry | | ElectricalLoadDevice | iOS/iPadOS 27+ beta device identity for load events | | ElectricityInsightService | Service for querying energy/runtime insights | | ElectricityInsightRecord | Historical energy or runtime data, optionally broken down by tariff or 26.1+ grid cleanliness | | ElectricityInsightQuery | Query for historical insight data |

Suggested Actions

| Action | Use Case | |---|---| | .shift | Devices that can move consumption to a different time (EV charging) | | .reduce | Devices that can lower consumption without stopping (HVAC setback) |

Querying Electricity Guidance

Use ElectricityGuidance.Service to get a forecast stream for a venue.

import EnergyKit

func observeGuidance(venueID: UUID) async throws {
    let query = ElectricityGuidance.Query(suggestedAction: .shift)
    let service = ElectricityGuidance.sharedService

    let guidanceStream = service.guidance(using: query, at: venueID)

    for try await guidance in guidanceStream {
        print("Guidance token: \(guidance.guidanceToken)")
        print("Interval: \(guidance.interval)")
        print("Venue: \(guidance.energyVenueID)")

        // Check if rate plan information is available
        if guidance.options.contains(.guidanceIncorporatesRatePlan) {
            print("Rate plan data incorporated")
        }
        if guidance.options.contains(.locationHasRatePlan) {
            print("Location has a rate plan")
        }

        processGuidanceValues(guidance.values)
    }
}

Working with Guidance Values

Each ElectricityGuidance.Value contains a time interval and a rating from 0.0 to 1.0. Lower ratings indicate better times to use electricity.

func processGuidanceValues(_ values: [ElectricityGuidance.Value]) {
    for value in values {
        let interval = value.interval
        let rating = value.rating  // 0.0 (best) to 1.0 (worst)

        print("From \(interval.start) to \(interval.end): rating \(rating)")
    }
}

// Find the best time to charge
func bestChargingWindow(
    in values: [ElectricityGuidance.Value]
) -> ElectricityGuidance.Value? {
    values.min(by: { $0.rating < $1.rating })
}

// Find all "good" windows below a threshold
func goodWindows(
    in values: [ElectricityGuidance.Value],
    threshold: Double = 0.3
) -> [ElectricityGuidance.Value] {
    values.filter { $0.rating <= threshold }
}

Displaying Guidance in SwiftUI

import SwiftUI
import EnergyKit

struct GuidanceTimelineView: View {
    let values: [ElectricityGuidance.Value]

    var body: some View {
        List(values, id: \.interval.start) { value in
            HStack {
                VStack(alignment: .leading) {
                    Text(value.interval.start, style: .time)
                    Text(value.interval.end, style: .time)
                        .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
                }
                Spacer()
                RatingIndicator(rating: value.rating)
            }
        }
    }
}

struct RatingIndicator: View {
    let rating: Double

    var color: Color {
        if rating <= 0.3 { return .green }
        if rating <= 0.6 { return .yellow }
        return .red
    }

    var label: String {
        if rating <= 0.3 { return "Good" }
        if rating <= 0.6 { return "Fair" }
        return "Avoid"
    }

    var body: some View {
        Text(label)
            .padding(.horizontal)
            .padding(.vertical)
            .background(color.opacity(0.2))
            .foregroundStyle(color)
            .clipShape(Capsule())
    }
}

Energy Venues

An EnergyVenue represents a physical location registered for energy management.

// List all venues
func listVenues() async throws -> [EnergyVenue] {
    try await EnergyVenue.venues()
}

// Get a specific venue by ID
func getVenue(id: UUID) async throws -> EnergyVenue {
    try await EnergyVenue.venue(for: id)
}

// Get a venue matching a HomeKit home
func getVenueForHome(homeID: UUID) async throws -> EnergyVenue {
    try await EnergyVenue.venue(matchingHomeUniqueIdentifier: homeID)
}

Venue Properties

let venue = try await EnergyVenue.venue(for: venueID)
print("Venue ID: \(venue.id)")
print("Venue name: \(venue.name)")

Submitting Load Events

Report device consumption data back to the system. This helps the system generate electricity insights. The same EnergyKit-capable device/app that requested electricity guidance must submit the corresponding load events, using the guidance token returned by EnergyKit. Do not invent a token.

EV Charger Load Events

func submitEVBeginEvent(
    at venue: EnergyVenue,
    guidanceToken: UUID,
    deviceID: String,
    deviceName: String
) async throws {
    let session = ElectricVehicleLoadEvent.Session(
        id: UUID(),
        state: .begin,
        guidanceState: ElectricVehicleLoadEvent.Session.GuidanceState(
            wasFollowingGuidance: true,
            guidanceToken: guidanceToken
        )
    )

    let measurement = ElectricVehicleLoadEvent.ElectricalMeasurement(
        stateOfCharge: 45,
        direction: .imported,
        power: Measurement(value: 0, unit: .kilowatts),
        energy: Measurement(value: 0, unit: .kilowattHours)
    )

    let event: ElectricVehicleLoadEvent
    if #available(iOS 27.0, iPadOS 27.0, *) {
        let device = ElectricalLoadDevice(
            id: deviceID,
            name: deviceName,
            type: .electricVehicle
        )
        event = ElectricVehicleLoadEvent(
            timestamp: Date(), measurement: measurement,
            session: session, device: device
        )
    } else {
        // iOS/iPadOS 26 compatibility; deprecated in the iOS 27 SDK.
        event = ElectricVehicleLoadEvent(
            timestamp: Date(), measurement: measurement,
            session: session, deviceID: deviceID
        )
    }

    try await venue.submitEvents([event])
}

HVAC Load Events

func submitHVACEvent(
    at venue: EnergyVenue,
    guidanceToken: UUID,
    stage: Int,
    deviceID: String,
    deviceName: String
) async throws {
    let session = ElectricHVACLoadEvent.Session(
        id: UUID(),
        state: .active,
        guidanceState: ElectricHVACLoadEvent.Session.GuidanceState(
            wasFollowingGuidance: true,
            guidanceToken: guidanceToken
        )
    )

    let measurement = ElectricHVACLoadEvent.ElectricalMeasurement(stage: stage)

    let event: ElectricHVACLoadEvent
    if #available(iOS 27.0, iPadOS 27.0, *) {
        let device = ElectricalLoadDevice(
            id: deviceID,
            name: deviceName,
            type: .hvac
        )
        event = ElectricHVACLoadEvent(
            timestamp: Date(), measurement: measurement,
            session: session, device: device
        )
    } else {
        // iOS/iPadOS 26 compatibility; deprecated in the iOS 27 SDK.
        event = ElectricHVACLoadEvent(
            timestamp: Date(), measurement: measurement,
            session: session, deviceID: deviceID
        )
    }

    try await venue.submitEvents([event])
}

Session States

| State | When to Use | |---|---| | .begin | Device starts consuming electricity | | .active | Device is actively consuming (periodic updates) | | .end | Device stops consuming electricity |

Preserve .begin → .active → .end and submit events promptly rather than holding long batches. For EV charging, submit .begin with zero power and energy, .active about every 15 minutes plus significant changes, and .end with zero power and cumulative energy. Retain unacknowledged events and retry EnergyKitError.rateLimitExceeded with bounded backoff. Load the EV session manager or HVAC session manager for device-specific lifecycle handling.

Only promise Home app device names, energy context, activity logs, charts, and trend notifications on iOS/iPadOS 27+ when both the base EnergyKit and EnergyKit LoadEvents capabilities are present.

Electricity Insights

Query historical energy and runtime data for devices using ElectricityInsightService. An empty ElectricityInsightQuery.Options option set returns totals only; it does not populate cleanliness or tariff breakdowns. Request .cleanliness and/or .tariff only when the UI needs those breakdowns. Do not substitute MetricKit app power metrics for EnergyKit insights; EnergyKit insights depend on EnergyKit load events submitted for the managed device.

Choose insight granularity from the requested range. For a seven-day view, query .hourly; use .daily only when the query covers at least a calendar month.

func queryEnergyInsights(deviceID: String, venueID: UUID) async throws {
    let sevenDaysAgo = Calendar.current.date(
        byAdding: .day,
        value: -7,
        to: Date()
    )!

    let query = ElectricityInsightQuery(
        options: [.cleanliness, .tariff],
        range: DateInterval(
            start: sevenDaysAgo,
            end: Date()
        ),
        granularity: .hourly,
        flowDirection: .imported
    )

    let service = ElectricityInsightService.shared
    let stream = try await service.energyInsights(
        forDeviceID: deviceID, using: query, atVenue: venueID
    )

    for await record in stream {
        if let total = record.totalEnergy { print("Total: \(total)") }

        if #available(iOS 26.1, iPadOS 26.1, *),
           let cleaner = record.dataByGridCleanliness?.cleaner {
            print("Cleaner: \(cleaner)")
        }
    }
}

Use runtimeInsights(forDeviceID:using:atVenue:) for runtime data instead of energy. Granularity options: .hourly, .daily, .weekly, .monthly, .yearly. Choose a range that matches Apple's minimum aggregation windows: hourly for at least a calendar week, daily for at least a calendar month, weekly for at least six months, and monthly or yearly for at least a calendar year. See references/energykit-patterns.md for full insight examples.

Common Mistakes

| Mistake | Fix | |---|---| | Querying before capability setup | Verify the EnergyKit entitlement and handle .permissionDenied. | | Assuming every region has guidance | Apple currently documents guidance only in the contiguous US; handle unsupported-region and unavailable venue/guidance states. | | Fabricating or discarding the guidance token | Persist the real token on the requesting device and submit that token with its load events. | | Sending isolated or delayed load samples | Preserve .begin → .active → .end, submit promptly, and retain events until submission succeeds. | | Using deviceID: as the current default | Use iOS/iPadOS 27+ ElectricalLoadDevice and device:; keep deviceID: only for the 26.x runtime branch. | | Using a hardcoded venue ID | Discover venues with EnergyVenue.venues() and select the intended venue. |

Review Checklist

• [ ] Base EnergyKit capability is present; iOS/iPadOS 27+ Home integration also has EnergyKit LoadEvents
• [ ] Region, permission, venue discovery, unavailable guidance, and service errors are handled
• [ ] Real guidance tokens stay with the requesting device/app and its submitted load events
• [ ] iOS/iPadOS 27+ uses ElectricalLoadDevice/device:; deviceID: is isolated to 26.x compatibility
• [ ] .begin → .active → .end events follow device cadence, submit promptly, survive failure, and retry rate limits with bounded backoff
• [ ] Ratings/actions are interpreted correctly; insight options, availability, granularity, and minimum ranges match the UI
• [ ] MetricKit telemetry is not substituted for EnergyKit load events or insights

References

• Extended workflows for app architecture, EV/HVAC session cadence, dashboard presentation, insights, errors, and venue discovery: references/energykit-patterns.md
• EnergyKit framework
• ElectricityGuidance
• ElectricityGuidance.Service
• ElectricityGuidance.Query
• ElectricityGuidance.Value
• EnergyVenue
• ElectricalLoadDevice
• ElectricVehicleLoadEvent
• ElectricHVACLoadEvent
• ElectricityInsightService
• ElectricityInsightRecord
• ElectricityInsightQuery
• EnergyKitError
• EnergyKit entitlement
• EnergyKit LoadEvents entitlement
• Providing charging history for electric vehicles
• Optimizing home electricity usage