Running Binaries

CRITICAL

DO NOT assume pnpm and npm CLIs are equivalent for running binaries.

The matrix is complex and getting it wrong causes subtle failures.

npm globals must be decoupled from pnpm node versions

pnpm manages node versions via pnpm env use. If npm globals are installed to pnpm's node directory, switching node versions breaks your global tools (claude-code, dprint, etc. vanish).

Solution: Set npm prefix to a fixed location:

# .npmrc
prefix=~/.npm-global

This keeps globals at ~/.npm-global/bin/ regardless of which node version pnpm is using.

Architecture

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ PATH order (first wins)                                         │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ ~/.npm-global/bin      ← npm globals (claude, dprint, nx, etc) │
│ ~/Library/pnpm         ← pnpm binaries (node, npm, pnpm)       │
│ /opt/homebrew/bin      ← brew (fallback node, initial pnpm)    │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

| Tool | Manages | Location | | -------- | ------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | | Homebrew | Initial bootstrap (node + pnpm) | /opt/homebrew/bin | | pnpm | Node versions (pnpm env use) | ~/Library/pnpm/nodejs/<ver> | | npm | Global CLI tools | ~/.npm-global (fixed, version-agnostic) |

Bootstrap flow (fresh machine)

1. brew install node pnpm — initial node + pnpm
2. pnpm env use --global lts — pnpm installs its own node, shadows brew's
3. Install npm globals to ~/.npm-global

After bootstrap, brew's node is effectively unused (pnpm's comes first in PATH).

The Matrix

Running binaries (exec commands)

| Command | In project (has package.json) | Outside project | | ----------------- | ------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | | npx <pkg> | local node_modules → npm global → downloads | npm global → downloads | | pnpm exec <pkg> | local node_modules → pnpm global | FAILS with ERR_PNPM_RECURSIVE_EXEC_NO_PACKAGE | | pnpm dlx <pkg> | downloads to temp (ignores local) | downloads to temp | | Direct <pkg> | uses PATH | uses PATH |

Key insight: npx finds pnpm-installed LOCAL packages

npx checks node_modules/.bin/ regardless of which package manager installed them. So in a pnpm project, npx dprint finds the local dprint.

Key insight: npx uses npm's global prefix

npx reads npm's config (~/.npmrc) to find globals. With prefix=~/.npm-global, npx checks there:

npx <cmd>  →  local node_modules  →  ~/.npm-global  →  downloads

This is why we use npm (not pnpm) for globals.

Recommendations

For global packages

Use npm with a fixed prefix:

# .npmrc sets prefix=~/.npm-global
npm install -g dprint

# Now works everywhere:
npx dprint --version    # finds ~/.npm-global/bin/dprint
dprint --version        # finds via PATH

For editor/tool integration (Zed, VSCode, etc.)

Option A: npx (recommended)

{
  "command": "npx",
  "arguments": ["dprint", "fmt", "--stdin", "markdown"]
}

Uses local version if in project, falls back to npm global, downloads if needed.

Option B: Direct PATH call

{
  "command": "dprint",
  "arguments": ["fmt", "--stdin", "markdown"]
}

Works if package is in PATH.

Common mistakes

Mistake: npm globals tied to pnpm node version

# Without fixed prefix, npm installs to pnpm's node directory:
npm install -g dprint  # → ~/Library/pnpm/nodejs/24.12.0/lib/...

pnpm env use 22        # switch node version
dprint --version       # ERROR: not found (it's in 24.12.0 dir)

Fix: Set prefix=~/.npm-global in .npmrc

Mistake: Assuming pnpm exec works everywhere

# In project: works
cd my-project && pnpm exec dprint --version

# Outside project: FAILS
cd /tmp && pnpm exec dprint --version
# ERR_PNPM_RECURSIVE_EXEC_NO_PACKAGE

Mistake: Assuming pnpx = npx

pnpx (alias for pnpm dlx) always downloads to temp. It does NOT check local or global.

npx dprint --version   # → checks local, then global, then downloads
pnpx dprint --version  # → always downloads (ignores local/global)

Summary table

| Goal | Solution | | ------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------- | | Run local package in project | npx <pkg> or pnpm exec <pkg> | | Run global package anywhere | Install with npm -g, run with npx or directly | | Globals survive node version changes | Set prefix=~/.npm-global in .npmrc | | Editor formatter | npx <pkg> (works everywhere) |

References

• pnpm exec docs
• pnpm dlx docs
• pnpm issue #6030 - exec fails outside workspaces
• npm prefix config