Windows Development Standards (Mark)

Goal: Write cross-platform compatible code that recognizes Windows-specific paths and avoids Unix-isms when working on Windows systems.

When to Use This Skill

• Working on Windows (win32) systems
• Path starts with drive letter (e.g., B:\, C:\)
• Using backslashes in paths (\ not /)
• Commands fail with "not recognized" errors
• Need to avoid Unix-specific tools (tail, head, mkdir -p, etc.)
• Writing cross-platform scripts that must work on Windows
• Using PowerShell or cmd.exe

When NOT to Use This Skill

• Working on macOS or Linux exclusively
• Using WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) - Unix commands work there
• Using Git Bash - Provides Unix tools on Windows
• Writing Unix-only scripts for deployment to Linux servers

Process

1. Check platform first - Verify if running on Windows (win32)
2. Identify Windows paths - Look for drive letters (B:, C:) and backslashes
3. Map Unix commands to Windows equivalents:
   • mkdir -p → New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path "path" -Force
   • tail → Get-Content file -Tail N
   • head → Get-Content file -TotalCount N
   • cat → Get-Content or type
   • grep → Select-String
   • find → Get-ChildItem -Recurse
   • ls → Get-ChildItem or dir
   • rm -rf → Remove-Item -Recurse -Force
   • cp/mv → Copy-Item/Move-Item
   • touch → New-Item -ItemType File
   • which → Get-Command or where
   • pwd → Get-Location
4. Quote paths with spaces - Use "path with spaces"
5. Use backslashes - Even though forward slashes often work
6. Prefer cross-platform tools - Python, Node.js when possible
7. Update AGENTS.md - Document Windows-specific requirements

Constraints

• ALWAYS check platform before using Unix commands
• ALWAYS use backslashes for Windows paths (even though forward slashes often work)
• ALWAYS quote paths with spaces to avoid errors
• NEVER use Unix-isms on Windows: tail, head, mkdir -p, grep, find (Unix style)
• NEVER use cd with forward slashes on Windows cmd (PowerShell is more flexible)
• Prefer PowerShell for modern Windows development
• Prefer Python for cross-platform scripts over shell

Guidelines for working on Windows systems and avoiding Unix-isms.

Recognizing Windows Paths

Windows paths look like:

B:\understanding-skills\majo-skills
C:\Users\Mark\Documents
D:\Projects\my-app

Key indicators:

• Drive letter followed by colon (B:, C:, D:)
• Backslashes as separators (\)
• No leading / (that's Unix)

Common Unix-isms to Avoid

1. mkdir -p

❌ WRONG on Windows:

mkdir -p B:\path\to\directory

✅ CORRECT on Windows:

# PowerShell
New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path "B:\path\to\directory" -Force

# Or cmd
mkdir "B:\path\to\directory"

Note: Windows mkdir doesn't have -p flag. Use -Force in PowerShell or just mkdir (it creates parent directories by default in PowerShell).

2. tail and head

❌ WRONG on Windows:

tail -n 20 file.txt
head -n 10 file.txt

✅ CORRECT on Windows:

PowerShell:

# tail -n 20
Get-Content file.txt -Tail 20

# head -n 10
Get-Content file.txt -TotalCount 10

# Alternative: Select-Object
Get-Content file.txt | Select-Object -Last 20
Get-Content file.txt | Select-Object -First 10

Or use Python:

# tail -n 20
with open('file.txt') as f:
    lines = f.readlines()
    print(''.join(lines[-20:]))

# head -n 10
with open('file.txt') as f:
    for i, line in enumerate(f):
        if i >= 10:
            break
        print(line, end='')

3. cat

❌ WRONG on Windows:

cat file.txt

✅ CORRECT on Windows:

Get-Content file.txt
# or
type file.txt  # cmd

4. grep

❌ WRONG on Windows:

grep "pattern" file.txt

✅ CORRECT on Windows:

Select-String -Pattern "pattern" -Path file.txt
# or
Get-Content file.txt | Select-String "pattern"

5. find

❌ WRONG on Windows:

find . -name "*.txt"

✅ CORRECT on Windows:

Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Filter "*.txt"
# or
Get-ChildItem -Path . -Recurse -Include "*.txt"

6. ls

❌ WRONG on Windows:

ls -la

✅ CORRECT on Windows:

Get-ChildItem
# or
Get-ChildItem -Force  # includes hidden files
# or
dir  # cmd

7. rm -rf

❌ WRONG on Windows:

rm -rf directory

✅ CORRECT on Windows:

Remove-Item -Recurse -Force directory
# or
rd /s /q directory  # cmd

8. cp and mv

❌ WRONG on Windows:

cp file.txt backup.txt
mv old.txt new.txt

✅ CORRECT on Windows:

Copy-Item file.txt backup.txt
Move-Item old.txt new.txt

9. touch

❌ WRONG on Windows:

touch newfile.txt

✅ CORRECT on Windows:

New-Item newfile.txt -ItemType File
# or
"" | Out-File newfile.txt

10. chmod

❌ WRONG on Windows:

chmod +x script.sh

✅ CORRECT on Windows: Windows uses ACLs (Access Control Lists) instead of Unix permissions:

# View permissions
Get-Acl file.txt

# Set permissions (complex - usually not needed for dev work)
# Use icacls for command-line ACL management

Note: For scripts, use file extensions (.ps1, .bat, .cmd) instead of chmod.

11. which

❌ WRONG on Windows:

which python

✅ CORRECT on Windows:

Get-Command python
# or
where python  # cmd

12. pwd

❌ WRONG on Windows:

pwd

✅ CORRECT on Windows:

Get-Location
# or
$PWD  # automatic variable

13. cd with forward slashes

❌ WRONG on Windows:

cd B:/path/to/directory

✅ CORRECT on Windows:

cd B:\path\to\directory
# or
cd "B:\path\to\directory"

Windows accepts forward slashes in cd, but backslashes are preferred for consistency.

14. && and ||

❌ WRONG on Windows (cmd):

command1 && command2

✅ CORRECT on Windows:

PowerShell:

command1; if ($?) { command2 }
# or use -and/-or operators

cmd:

command1 && command2  # actually works in cmd

Note: && works in cmd but not in PowerShell. Use semicolons or proper PowerShell syntax.

Path Handling

Path Separators

Always use backslashes for Windows paths:

# ✅ CORRECT
"B:\understanding-skills\majo-skills"

# ❌ WRONG (Unix style)
"B:/understanding-skills/majo-skills"

Quoting Paths

Quote paths with spaces:

# ✅ CORRECT
cd "C:\Program Files\My App"
Copy-Item "file with spaces.txt" destination

# ❌ WRONG (will fail)
cd C:\Program Files\My App

Environment Variables

Windows uses %VAR% in cmd, $env:VAR in PowerShell:

# PowerShell
$env:USERPROFILE
$env:PATH

# cmd
%USERPROFILE%
%PATH%

Cross-Platform Alternatives

When possible, use tools that work on both platforms:

Python

# Works on Windows, macOS, Linux
import os
import shutil

# mkdir -p equivalent
os.makedirs("path/to/dir", exist_ok=True)

# File operations
shutil.copy("source.txt", "dest.txt")
shutil.move("old.txt", "new.txt")

# Read file
with open("file.txt") as f:
    content = f.read()

# Write file
with open("file.txt", "w") as f:
    f.write("content")

Git Bash

If available, Git Bash provides Unix tools on Windows. However, prefer native PowerShell/cmd when working with Windows paths.

Quick Reference Table

| Unix Command | Windows PowerShell | Windows cmd | |--------------|-------------------|-------------| | mkdir -p dir | New-Item -ItemType Directory dir -Force | mkdir dir | | tail -n 20 file | Get-Content file -Tail 20 | N/A | | head -n 10 file | Get-Content file -TotalCount 10 | N/A | | cat file | Get-Content file | type file | | grep pattern file | Select-String pattern file | findstr pattern file | | find . -name "*.txt" | Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Filter "*.txt" | dir /s *.txt | | ls -la | Get-ChildItem -Force | dir /a | | rm -rf dir | Remove-Item -Recurse -Force dir | rd /s /q dir | | cp src dst | Copy-Item src dst | copy src dst | | mv src dst | Move-Item src dst | move src dst | | touch file | New-Item file -ItemType File | type nul > file | | which cmd | Get-Command cmd | where cmd | | pwd | Get-Location | cd |

Testing Skills

• Platform check: Verify commands work on Windows (win32)
• Path format test: Use backslashes (\) not forward slashes (/)
• Command mapping: Test Unix → Windows command equivalency
• Quote handling: Test paths with spaces are properly quoted
• Cross-platform: Verify Python scripts work on both Windows and Unix
• PowerShell vs cmd: Know which syntax works in which shell
• WSL detection: Don't use Windows workarounds when in WSL (Unix works there)

Integration

This skill extends dev-standards-majo. Always ensure dev-standards-majo is loaded for:

• AGENTS.md maintenance
• Universal code principles
• Documentation policies

Works alongside:

• python-majo — For Python development on Windows
• js-bun-majo — For JavaScript/Bun development on Windows
• shell-majo — For shell scripting on Windows (Git Bash/WSL)
• git-majo — For git operations on Windows
• writing-docs-majo — For writing documentation on Windows

Important Notes

1. Always check the platform before using Unix commands
2. Use PowerShell for modern Windows development
3. Use Python for cross-platform scripts
4. Quote paths with spaces to avoid errors
5. Use backslashes for Windows paths (even though forward slashes often work)